The recognition of quilombola communities is based on article 68 of the Brazilian Constitution (1988), which states that “the remnants of quilombo communities that are occupying their lands are recognized as definitive property, and the State must issue them the respective titles”. Articles 215 and 216 of the 1988 Constitution also establish, among other terms, that the Public Power will protect and “promote the Brazilian cultural heritage, through inventories, records, surveillance, tipping and expropriation and other forms of safeguarding and preservation ”. The Quilombola Community of Rio do Sul is located in the State of Bahia, in the municipality of Nova Viçosa in the territory of identity of the Extreme South of Bahia. It was certified by the Palmares Foundation in 2005. This research aims to analyze the existing territorialities in the quilombola community of Rio do Sul, seeking to focus on the process of territorial formation, the present agents and possible conflicts - territorial and socio-environmental - arising from them. Interviews with social agents and reflections about the studied reality will be done qualitatively, with observations, always aiming at a critical analysis in the research.

For milk to be considered safe for human consumption, it is essential that it meets the quality, microbiological and physical-chemical composition requirements established by legislation. Therefore, the study carried out aims to evaluate the quality of raw milk from the informal market in the municipality of Teixeira de Freitas, in the Far South of Bahia, Brazil. The work is divided into three chapters: 1st - Comparative Analysis of Milk Production in the State of Bahia in a National Context: Using data from IBGE and CEPEA between 2010 and 2022, the study analyzes milk production in Bahia in comparison with other regions of the Brazil, highlighting issues such as animal productivity, seasonality in food availability and adoption of technologies. 2nd - Quality Assessment of Raw Milk Sold Clandestinely in the Teixeira de Freitas Microregion, Bahia: 16 samples of 1000 mL of raw milk were acquired in different commercial establishments and open-air markets in the region. The samples were analyzed for the presence of antimicrobial residues, somatic cell count, microbiological analysis, density, presence of adulterants and pH. 3 - Characterization of the Centesimal Composition and Quality of Raw Bovine Milk Sold in the Municipality of Teixeira de Freitas, Bahia: Samples of 1000 mL of raw milk were collected in five different neighborhoods of the municipality over a period of six weeks. The samples were analyzed to quantify total and thermotolerant coliforms, detect antibiotic residues and proximate analysis. The results show that milk production in Bahia is stable, but animal productivity is lower compared to other regions of the country, due to factors such as seasonality in food availability and lack of professional management. Analysis of raw milk samples revealed contamination by total and thermotolerant coliforms, presence of antibiotic residues and pH outside the normal range in many samples. The ilegal sale of raw milk in the region poses significant risks to public health and is also a socioeconomic problem.

The management of watersheds (HB) is necessary for the conservation and recovery of water resources (WR) and the maintenance of the population's quality of life. The watershed is the unit for planning and management of the HR, due to the impacts caused by land use, irrational consumption and pollution, changes in climate and in the hydrological regime are observed in the watersheds. Therefore, it is fundamental to monitor the BH to know the hydrological dynamics and its behavior over time. The data obtained from monitoring are used in hydrological models capable of simulating different water availability scenarios, relating them to land cover. Hydrological models are computational tools capable of simulating, representing mathematically, the natural phenomena that occur in Belo Horizonte. The objective of this work is to analyze the alteration of water availability related to different scenarios of land use and occupation in the watershed of the Pardo river using the hydrological model SWAT - Soil and Water Assessment Tools, by be a robust model capable of performing simulations of the impacts of changes in land cover and agricultural management practices on flow variations. The necessary input data (hydroenvironmental data) for the SWAT to be able to carry out the simulation must be organized and inserted in the model, which are divided into tabular (temperature, solar radiation, wind speed, precipitation and flow) and spatial (digital model elevation - MDE, pedological map and land use and occupation map). The insertion of data in the model occurs through the SWAT interface (QSWAT Plus) with the QGIS geoprocessing software. And, after entering hydro-environmental data, automatic calibration and model validation are performed using SWATCup. Thus, the SWAT will be applied in the Pardo river basin, considering the current use and future land use scenarios. Future scenarios should consider the evolution of current occupation over the next fifty years, considering the years 2022 to 2072 decade by decade, in order to perform the simulation of flows in the basin. The results found after the SWAT application, as well as its entire calibration and validation process, will be presented and discussed. It is expected, with the simulation of the scenarios, to make a projection of the advance of the anthropic activities without the due planning of soil conservation, related to the decrease of water availability in the BH of the Pardo river.

In the past, agriculture focused on human needs, but faced with market demand, the peasantry had to (re)organize itself to serve different markets, with family farming emerging as a catalyst for developing small communities, going beyond mere subsistence. However, the global challenge of reducing high rates of food waste, especially in fruits and vegetables, persists. Although Brazil stands out among the world's largest vegetable producers, losses along the production chain are notable. This study addresses the problem by applying the principles of the Lean Production model to vegetable production on a family farming property in Helvécia, Bahia, using tools such as SWOT Analysis, Ishikawa diagram and PDCA. The research is relevant due to the crucial role of family farming in promoting health, food security and reducing hunger, highlighting the importance of strategies to minimize food waste and contribute to global goals of sustainability and sustainable rural development. A narrative literature review reveals how family farming aligns with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the 2030 Agenda, with a focus on reducing poverty and hunger. A bibliometric review between 2014 and 2021 examines the contributions of family farmers to the SDGs and investigates practices to mitigate food losses in family production, employing qualitative methodology. The positive impact of the Decade of Family Farming (2019-2028) on academic publications stands out, aligning with the SDGs. Results highlight the need to strengthen the different groups in family farming to boost sustainable rural development and achieve the goals of the 2030 Agenda. Family farming, driven by globalization and innovations, faces challenges in managing processes and implementing technologies. The philosophy of lean manufacturing emerges as a revolutionary approach to eliminating losses and waste, providing benefits to family agricultural organizations.

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is one of the main energy foods and is highly relevant for the municipalities of the Identity Territory of the Extreme South of Bahia, with emphasis on the municipality of Alcobaça - BA. The main product derived from cassava produced in the region is dry white flour, and the main variety used in this production is known as Caravela. The lack of diversification of commercialized products and the wide use of the Caravela variety by local producers pose risks to the cassava production chain in the region. Studies of the behavior of other varieties that may point to the diversification of products from this crop are necessary to strengthen the cassava production chain in the region. In this sense, the present study aims to analyze the performance of six varieties of cassava to the edaphoclimatic conditions of the municipality of Alcobaça-BA, based on agronomic and chemical characteristics. The cassava varieties used were made available by EMBRAPA together with the local variety, Caravela, the research will result in data that point to the verification of the edaphoclimatic adaptation capacity of these varieties and potential uses that promote the diversification of production, such as the use of cassava in animal feed. The experiment was implemented in November 2021 in the Community of Cana Brava, municipality of Alcobaça, Bahia. To evaluate the agronomic performance and chemical-bromatological composition of both the aerial part and the cassava root, a randomized block design was used, consisting of six cultivars (BRS Tapioqueira, BRS Novo Horizonte, BRS Kiriris, BRS Poti Branca, BRS Formosa and Caravela) and three replications, which were harvested twelve months after planting. In addition to the experiment already implemented, the bromatological characterization of both the aerial part and the root in natura of three varieties of cassava present in the Maniveiro Guardião in the referred municipality, being BRS Amansa Burro, BRS Caipira and Caravela, was carried out to verify the potential of use in animal feed. Data were organized and stored in electronic spreadsheets, with verification and exclusion of outliers, descriptive statistics, chi-square or Fisher's exact test and calculation of Odds Ratio. Tests were performed to verify the ANOVA assumptions, followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls (parametric) or Kruskal Wallis (non-parametric) test; Pearson or Sperman correlation; single and multiple logistic regression analyses. Statistical analyzes used SAS® University Edition and R software at a 5% significance level. The average height of the six varieties was 1.93±0.25 with a relative dispersion of 12.89%. The variety Poti Branca (2.22±0.11 cm) had the highest height and Formosa (1.72±0.33 cm) the smallest. It was verified that there was no difference between the varieties for the evaluated traits (p>0.05), except for the forage production index as a function of the root. The variety that presented the highest root productivity was BRS Novo Horizonte, with an estimate of 28.95 ton/ha, since the lowest productivity was Kiriris with 15.91 ton/ha. The variety that presented the highest yield related to root processing in dry flour was BRS Kiriris with 39%. Regarding the productivity of the final third of the aerial part, the variety that presented the highest volume was Caravela, with an estimate of 5.51 ton/ha and the smallest was the Tapioqueira variety with 2.40 ton/ha. There was a negative correlation between root and starch content (-0.56). In general, all varieties did not show satisfactory results and new plantings and fertilizer formulations must occur for Alcobaça. However, the cassava cultivars Caravelas and BRS Novo Horizonte proved to be the most promising for indication of planting in the locality for the production of flour and starch.

The development of capitalism, the industrial revolution and the consolidation of the technological revolution, provided the increase of large-scale production, feeding a social behavior more linked to consumerism and the search for artificial comfort that these products can bring. As a result, the current consumption pattern is generating disastrous consequences on the planet that compromise the existence of a balanced environment, putting at risk human existence and the survival of future generations, as well as the integrity of various ecosystems. In Brazil, the government procurement sector moves resources estimated at 12% of GDP and the amount spent by the federal government on public procurement between the years 2017 to 2021 exceeds 751 billion reais. The considerable size of the government procurement power highlights the Public Administration as a fundamental piece for the consolidation of sustainable development in the institutional arena. In this structure, the Federal Institutions of Higher Education - IFES have an impact on the life of a portion of society, beyond the university walls, also acting in behavioral changes. Therefore, it is important to know the performance of IFES, such as the Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia -UFSB, regarding the adoption of sustainability criteria in public purchases, since these practices are compulsory by legal obligation, so the intended study, besides resulting in a service to society, will open more field for the investigation of solutions that aim to strengthen these consumption practices and sustainable public policies in the Administration. The objective of this work is, based on the investigation of the operationalization of sustainable public purchasing at the Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, to analyze the incidence of sustainability criteria in bidding processes executed by this federal institution of higher education, trying to find out if they have a set of socio-environmental criteria that aim to reduce negative impacts on the environment and actions that seek to promote some social effect. This research will be conducted from the analysis of bidding notices for the acquisition of permanent goods and office supplies, focusing on the institution Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia - UFSB, referring to bids held in the period between 2014 and 2022. Concomitantly, the research also includes a qualitative investigation, with exploratory purposes, conducted through a data collection instrument that aims to verify the knowledge of sustainability criteria in public procurement and diagnose the main difficulties in applying these criteria in bidding processes. This work intends to provide subsidies to detect the main difficulties in the use of more sustainable criteria in the institution's bidding procedures, thus being able to guide actions in the construction of procurement processes, in order to contribute to a more effective structuring of these sustainability criteria in the various documents that compose it. This study also seeks to contribute to the knowledge of the area, identifying scenarios, gaps, investigation fronts and opportunities for scientific research in sustainable public purchasing at a federal university.

Brazil's indigenous peoples face major conflicts in defense of their territories, and specifically in the cerrado biome in Laranjeiras, Currais - PI, environmental issues are at the center of the antagonism between the Gamela indigenous people and migrants from southern Brazil. This context makes up the initial research question: how do the decolonizing socio-environmental educational practices of the Gamela indigenous peoples in the context of their ancestral practices and popular university extension affect the struggle for the conquest of the territory and the affirmation of ethnic identity? Based on this tension, our general objective is to analyze which decolonial socio-environmental educational practices of the Gamela Indigenous peoples within the scope of their doings and popular university extension as a counter-hegemonic educational paradigm in the "last agricultural frontier" affects the struggle for the right to territory and ethnic identity in the indigenous territory of Laranjeiras (PI). specific objectives: a) Situate the theoretical and epistemological socio-environmental foundations of Latin American thought, correlating them with the educational practices carried out by the Gamela indigenous peoples in the context of ethnic emergency; b) contextualize the social, environmental, agrarian, ethnic and cultural aspects of the Gamela indigenous people, highlighting their self-organization, the advance of agribusiness and their forms of resistance in the indigenous territory of laranjeiras; and c) identify the decolonial socio-environmental educational practices of the Gamela indigenous peoples, based on the principles of popular education that contribute to the construction of the right to territory and ethnic identity in the Laranjeiras community; The methodological approach chosen is qualitative, of the action-participant research type, which adopted the following data collection procedures: documentary research, participant observation, semi-structured interview and focus group, having as method of analysis the dialectic. The results evidenced were: the educational processes represent a tangible, collective and partnership manifestation of the struggle for the demarcation of the territory and for the ethnic retaking, point to a communal and resilient making of the Gamelas' commitment to preserve their cultural identities and finally, emphasizes that the active involvement of indigenous people in general, especially in the last ten years, has played a crucial role in the implementation of new public policy approaches aimed at the demarcation of territories and ethnic recognition. In conclusion, we affirm that this study revealed the Gamela's sustainable educational practices as more than techniques; they are pillars of resistance and affirmation of their ethnic identity.

In the relentless pursuit of generating profit and wealth, modern societies have transformed landscapes around the world, ignoring the seriousness of social and environmental impacts. Consequently, throughout history, the growth of world population and cities ended up generating an intricate and complex social issue: the exaggerated production of waste generated by consumption. Inadequate disposal and environmental management of solid urban waste have become increasingly discussed issues around the world. Brazil is part of this panorama, mainly due to the guidelines brought by Law 12.305/2010, which deals with the National Solid Waste Policy (PNRS). Universities stand out in this scenario as drivers of knowledge and practices that make it possible to carry out changes in favor of improving sustainability on the planet. This study aims to understand the solid waste management model at the Federal University of Southern Bahia (UFSB), Paulo Freire campus, based on the performance of technical-administrative staff, professors, students and outsourced workers. It intends to analyze the limits and possibilities in the process of its implementation. The present study will be developed through qualitative and quantitative research, with analysis of the UFSB Solid Waste Management Plan, including consultation with the annual reports and documents of the management of the Paulo Freire Campus, as well as interviews with the crowded public servants (the) in the main sectors that generate and deal with solid waste. Interviews will be carried out using a form in digital format, with students, teachers, administrative technicians and outsourced workers, seeking to record their position on how the practices are carried out in your study or work environment, if they are sustainable, what are their limitations and possibilities. The information obtained may be used as guidance for possible investments in people qualification, acquisition of new technologies, publicity, among others.

Natural resource management occurs through processes at the interface between social and biophysical systems. One of the main scientific challenges for the sustainable use of common resources has been the adequate integration of these two elements. In this context, this work aims to evaluate the functionality of the Marine Extractive Reserve of Corumbau as a social-ecological system in terms of sustainability, governance and organizational capacity. The interactions between users, the governance system, and the Resex Corumbau will be analysed in the political, economic, and ecological scenarios. The approach is based on the social- ecological systems (SES) framework, adopted to explain the conditions necessary for sustainability and user cooperation in natural resource management. Located in the Discovery Coast, extreme south of Bahia, the RESEX Marinha de Corumbau shelters an area of great natural wealth and important ecosystems of the Abrolhos Bank, considered of extreme biological importance, concentrating the largest marine biodiversity recorded in the South Atlantic. Artisanal fishing is the main source of income of its beneficiaries. This research has an applied nature, a quali-quantitative approach, and exploratory and descriptive objectives. It will use bibliographic and documental review procedures, in addition to a field survey by means of interviews. Semi-structured questionnaires will be prepared and applied through interviews with the social actors involved in the Resex, among them the beneficiaries and managers. The questionnaire will be designed and divided according to the variables established by Ostrom (2009) to classify social-ecological systems. The use of these variables has been an important tool for the development of public policies aimed at environmental, economic and social improvement, besides allowing an analysis of sustainability and cooperation between users and managers. It is hoped that this study will verify the functionality of the management model of the Corumbau Extractive Reserve and ensure that the applied methods of natural resource management are being carried out in a sustainable way.

Synthetic polymers, commonly known as plastics, have become a permanent part of the marine environment for the first time in the long history of planetary seas. Reports of plastics in the marine environment began to appear in the early 1970s. Given the proliferation of plastics in all spheres of human activity and their increasing use value in the developing world, phenomena associated with plastic pollution of the marine environment will continue to merit attention. scientific investigation. Many of the existing studies are hampered by the lack of basic geospatial and quantitative data. The ocean is by far the largest habitat on the planet and knowledge of its plastic pollution will always require new efforts to implement public policies for the proper management of plastic waste from coastal and marine environments. There is an urgent need to adopt a policy of responsible and sustainable management of garbage on beaches and the collective construction of an educational process strengthened by society to discuss and combat the waste that is discarded on beaches or ends up reaching the sea, many studies show that the greatest part of the waste disposal is of terrestrial origin. Given the above, the present work aims to investigate the impact of litter on the marine environment through a temporal and spatial analysis of plastic waste collected during 23 years of beach cleaning in Caravelas - Bahia. Conducting analyzes of plastic waste collected on the beach and experiments, to establish whether the waste found is transported from one area to another, whether it is retained in the sand, and whether this waste returns after entering the rivers, seeking to identify the impacts caused by plastic waste, when improperly discarded in coastal and marine environments, and guide beach cleaning and environmental education actions. Statistical analyzes were carried out to verify the percentage of significance of the categories listed for litter on the beach and also the efforts of the volunteers over the years of collection. It is expected that this project will not be final, but rather point out strategies and ramifications for continuity and construction of new projects focused on solutions to minimize the impact of plastic on the marine environment.

It is clear that environmental changes have occurred all over the planet, either by natural or anthropological causes, increasing the damage to the environmental quality that lead to a reduction of habitat for many species and an increase in mortality rates. The fact is that even changes not so significant in the short term can cause stress and changes in the behavioral ecology of animals that play the role of bioindicators of local environmental quality. Such behavioral changes directly influence the ability of species to survive and reproduce, resulting in long-term biochemical and physiological changes through natural selection. In areas of mangroves, for example, which are among the most compromised ecosystems in America because of the advancement of urbanization on the coasts, the fiddler crabs are evidenced as bioindicators because of the high sensitivity of these animals to environmental stresses. As such, the present study aims to investigate changes in the behavioral ecology of the fiddler crabs Uca maracoani, regarding the standardization of waving display in mangrove areas of Mucuri - BA, in face of changes in local abiotic factors. For this purpose, a previously selected area in the Mucuri River estuary was monitored, using two types of sampling through filming: instantaneous sampling and focal animal sampling, to verify the abundance of individuals outside the burrow and possible variations in the waving display standard performed by males, considering the tidal and light-dark cycles. Statistical analyses were realized to verify the influence of lunar phase, salinity, temperature, humidity, tidal regime and light, in order to verify possible variations that may interfere with their behavior. At the end of this project it is expected to verify the existing changes in the pattern of waving display among male individuals and interference in the population abundance outside the burrows in the area to be studied, as well as the potential influences that caused it.

The objective of this study is to analyze the water balance of the TISB municipalities and to verify the context of water vulnerability of this territory. The concept of water vulnerability, adopted in this work, refers to the fragility of a region, community or system in relation to the challenges and risks related to maintaining water quality and quantity. Historical knowledge of rainfall can assist in planning and monitoring the impacts caused by water surplus or deficit in a given region, contributing to decision-making and management of local and regional hydrological resources, as well as the various sectors of the economy.

This research investigates the phenomena of the misused public squares in Teixeira de Freitas city. Public squares are intrinsic to daily organization in the cities, as well as the streets, houses, and districts. People use the squares for casual meetings, shelter, and spare time to observe the city, and to be observed by it. The historical importance assigned to public squares assumes social interaction and diversity shelter, although be a complement to collective well-being. The public squares dynamic leads the show of the public, social, and political life. The city under investigation here, has 62 squares, being in their majority with few users and purposes, so abandoned by public power. Therefore, even in a scenario with the usual lack of public management by the State, we can find some collective initiatives for restoration. In some zones, the community around the square united themselves to build and keep the public square aiming for the general welfare, while they reorganized the new forms/ways of occupying and preserving the local. Based on the theoretical outlook of “the common" as a political action, investigated the dynamics within the organization forms among people and the community motivations to transform the local in a "common one" as already predicated by Elinor Ostrom and wall-mounted in Michael Hardt & Antonio Negri views. To reach our research goals, an exam in the qualitative form through semi-structured interviews was done - three squares presenting the common behavior were compared to three abandoned squares. Through the empirical observation of the city-dwellers actions the local and the relationship agreed with public power, since the last one contributes to the promotion of the symbolic field applying the urban technique (project and build) of public space as a facilitator, the research findings intend to provide data to contribute to the reflection of the urban commons “do” and the right to the city.