Banca de QUALIFICAÇÃO: LEANDRO SANTANA SOUZA

Uma banca de QUALIFICAÇÃO de MESTRADO foi cadastrada pelo programa.
STUDENT : LEANDRO SANTANA SOUZA
DATE: 31/08/2022
TIME: 16:00
LOCAL: metapresencial
TITLE:

BASIC SANITATION IN TERRITORY IN THE ORIGINATING PEOPLE: AN ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROPOSAL FOR ALDEIA DA JAQUEIRA IN PORTO SEGURO-BA.


KEY WORDS:

Porto Seguro; enviroment; sanitation


PAGES: 10
BIG AREA: Outra
AREA: Ciências Ambientais
SUMMARY:

Porto Seguro, located in the economic region of the extreme south of Bahia, is a territory where indigenous communities are present. One of the problems in this relationship lies in the dichotomy between the cultural preservation of these peoples and the inevitable influence of external factors in their territories, such as tourism and a certain degree of urbanization. On the other hand, this relationship is fundamental to their economic survival.

                  For this research, the focus of action was directed to the Pataxó da Jaqueira Reserve (RPJ), integrated into the indigenous territory of Aldeia de Coroa Vermelha. The Reserve is part of the Environmental Preservation Area (APA) of Coroa Vermelha, Santa Cruz de Cabrália, according to the state decree of creation nº 2.184 of June 7, 1993, and has a significant importance for the region for having characteristics of environmental preservation. and indigenous cultural strengthening (CASTRO, 2008).

                  Basic sanitation, in urban and rural areas, are fundamental requirements for human subsistence, acting on their quality and life expectancy. In the case of Reserva da Jaqueira, the geography of the location, although close to the sea and with a water table at its disposal, does not have EMBASA services for water and sewage treatment. Thus, the Reserve resorts to alternatives such as an artesian well and a septic tank.

                  Indigenous territories, in general, face many problems in relation to basic sanitation, both for water and sewage treatment. As it is already precarious in more populated areas and with a certain structure, in theory (urban areas), it is understood that the areas further away from the centers are in an even worse situation, including the indigenous reserves that make up this territory.

                    Under all these demands to be resolved, communities of native peoples have the option of maintaining their oldest traditions, using water from the rivers that serve them. In Reserva da Jaqueira, the only means of capture, until mid-2014, was the Itinga River, when an artesian well was drilled, this provided the members of this community with a new method for obtaining hydration, cleaning and practical use for food, having the notion that untreated water affects your health. In theory, the urban environment offers a sanitation system with treated water and sewage. The rural environment, in smaller proportions, also has this demand. The challenge currently is to address the need for basic sanitation, as well as its health implications, in indigenous reserve areas. 

           Data from the World Health Organization (WHO) attest that, year after year, diseases such as diarrhea kill about half a million children under 5 years of age worldwide, being considered the second leading cause of infant death. Almost 2 (two) million cases of the disease occur at the same time, thus understanding that one in every four cases result in death. If there was an effective treatment, other negative factors could be avoided, such as malnutrition, which causes more diseases in adulthood, which harm human beings and the community in which they live.

           The law itself, in its Brazilian constitution, addresses the need for basic sanitation for all its citizens, since the right to subsistence needs is part of universal suffrage for all peoples residing in their national territory. In its article 6, the Federal Constitution guarantees the right to health, which has basic sanitation as one of its pillars (CF, 1988).

Art. 6 The social rights are education, health, food, work, housing, transport, leisure, security, social security, protection of motherhood and childhood, assistance to the destitute, in the form of this Constitution. (Wording given by Constitutional Amendment No. 90 of 2015)

Single paragraph. Every Brazilian in a situation of social vulnerability will be entitled to a basic family income, guaranteed by the government in a permanent income transfer program, whose rules and access requirements will be determined by law, in compliance with fiscal and budgetary legislation (Included by Constitutional Amendment No. 114, of 2021).

Another support for the Brazilian population to obtain basic needs is the law 11,445/2007, which establishes the national guidelines for basic sanitation and defines it as the set of services, infrastructures and operational installations for the supply of drinking water, sanitary sewage , urban cleaning and solid waste management, drainage and urban rainwater management.

            In 1994, with Presidential Decree No. 1,141, the division of responsibilities for indigenous health was promoted, with FUNAI being responsible for curative care actions and FUNASA for preventive actions, such as immunization and basic sanitation. Later, in 1999, with Presidential Decree No. 3,156, policies and guidelines related to indigenous health were transferred entirely from FUNAI to the Ministry of Health. The 1991 decree also regulated the creation of Special Indigenous Sanitary Districts – DSEIs, responsible for sanitary actions on indigenous territories, as well as the organization of health services and the certification of user participation and social control. (BRAZIL. Constitution, 1988.)

           The relationship between basic sanitation and the economic issues of each location must be taken into account as they are influenced by some, since there is a great disparity between planning on basic sanitation. According to the IBGE, approximately 15% of the municipalities in the northeast have water and sewage treatment plans, against approximately 73% of the municipalities in the southern region (IBGE, 2020).

           In order to provide a legal basis for statistical data, Law 11,445/2007 states that municipal planning must, in every way, provide, from access to drinking water to sewage treatment, to all people residing in its territory, from the contracting of services for the concession and collection of taxes to the service provided with quality. However, the low percentage of adherence by municipalities justifies a whole narrative that water and sewage treatment is ineffective in this region, especially in more remote areas such as indigenous reserves.

                As already discussed, Reserva does not have any type of water and sewage treatment service (the company would be EMBASA, which does not serve this community). The artesian well service is the means that serves the entire population. The piped water goes to the community bathroom, the health post and the school. The inhabitants in their residences, called Kijeme, needed, before this well, to collect water in basins and store it in small reservoirs for personal hygiene and food use, exposing the water to bacteria, which could compromise its quality in the final use.

               Without effective sanitation, an entire community is compromised in its quality of life, which still uses rudimentary methods for its subsistence. Furthermore, the Reserva da Jaqueira is located between two municipalities that provide this service in all urban areas (Porto Seguro and Santa Cruz Cabrália), so it is a territory that is not so far away as to make the use of this service unfeasible. service.

           If there is no structure to meet the demand, much less education to guide these people to take care of themselves, that is, the consequences are inevitable. According to Instituto Trata Brasil, considering the advancement of sanitation, it is estimated that between 2015 and 2035, more than R$ 7 billion will be spent in Brazil, with hospitalizations or absences from work, related to gastrointestinal infections (TRATA BRASIL, 2019).


BANKING MEMBERS:
Interno - 962.287.925-04 - ALLISON GONÇALVES SILVA - IFBA
Interno - 1553832 - JORGE ANTONIO SILVA COSTA
Presidente - 584.180.246-15 - SEBASTIÃO PINHEIRO GONÇALVES DE CERQUEIRA NETO - IFBA
Notícia cadastrada em: 25/08/2022 15:08
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