"Occurrence, distribution, sources and ecological risk assessment of emerging contaminants in urban Rivers the southern region of Bahia"
Emerging contaminants. Pharmaceuticals. Anthropogenic Effects. Water quality.
With the advances of industries, new chemical products with significant benefits have been developed more and more, but on the other hand, the amount of organic micropollutants has increased, which includes emerging contaminants including drugs. Several environmental matrices such as water, industrial effluents, soils, sediments, gaseous emissions, biological samples, food became targets of study. Caffeine (CAF) has been used as a chemical tracer, its main source in aquatic environments comes from sewage. Diclofenac (DIC) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) are of synthetic origin, the presence of both in environmental matrices are from anthropogenic sources. The objective of this study is to determine the presence of caffeine, diclofenac and 17α-ethinylestradiol as emerging contaminants in surface water, by extraction in D-µ-SPE and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-DAD). The study area of this research are two urban rivers located in the city of Porto Seguro - BA, Rio dos Mangues and Mundaí. The analytical merit figures adopted in this study, were linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection and quantification, presented satisfactory results, meeting the validation criteria of the analytical method. Caffeine concentrations found in the Mangues River at P1 were below the LQ. At points P2, P3, P4, P5 and P6, concentrations above the LQ were obtained in the ranges of 0.2± 0.17 - 0.135± 0.3 µgL-1. On the Mundaí River, all points had caffeine concentrations above the LQ between 0.71 ± 0.6 – 39.8± 0.6µg L1 . Diclofenac showed concentrations below the LQ in all sampling points of the Mangues and Mundaí rivers. High concentrations of 17α-ethinyl estradiol were found in the Mangues and Mundaí rivers, above the QL, in the ranges between 23±3.8 - 40±2.8 µgL-1 and 24±0.8 – 152 ±2.86 µgL -1 , respectively. With the results, there is an indication of contamination of the Mangue and Mundaí rivers by sources of anthropic origin