Banca de QUALIFICAÇÃO: FELIPE OTÁVIO CAMPELO E SILVA

The role of productive backyards in obtaining ecosystem services in agroecological settlements in southern Bahia, Brazil

Agroecology; biodiversity; enviromental services; resilience.

In times of socio-environmental crisis, where the severity of climate change is felt with increasing intensity, especially for populations in the global south, there is an urgent need to build agrarian systems that provide the means to promote biodiversity through ecosystem services. generated to promote human well-being, such as the supply of food, medicines, bio-inputs, biological control, climate regulation, maintenance of water quality, improvement of the physical, chemical and biological quality of soils, cultural services, in addition to increasing the resistance and resilience of ecosystems. Productive backyards, as one of the types of agroforestry systems, are biocultural heritage and involve a diverse range of animal and plant species, with multiple uses and extracts, being the result of co-evolutionary processes in the relationship between human beings and nature, and, Within agroecosystems, it is a subsystem that is characterized by having a high density of species, and with the potential to generate income and promote food sovereignty. The objective of this work was to analyze the ecosystem services resulting from productive backyards. To do this, we carried out research in 18 backyards implemented in two agroecological settlement projects in the identity territory of the South of Bahia. The methodology used was the application of a semi-structured questionnaire with the families involved, transversal walking, collection of plants for identification, collection of soils for chemical, physical and metagenomic analysis and bibliographic review. We organized the thesis into four chapters, and in the qualification phase we will be presenting the first two. In the first chapter, we carried out a systematic review of studies that relate productive backyards and ecosystem services. We identified that there are few studies on backyards, which have as their object of study the analysis of ecosystem services, and especially in areas of agrarian reform settlement. In the second chapter, we seek to analyze data from productive backyards, presenting social data, the main forms of management, income generation (monetary and non-monetary), food sovereignty and the assessment of 15 ecosystem services. The data showed us that 94% of backyards are managed in an agroecological way, which ranged from 0.5 to 3.4 hectares, being important in generating income and guaranteeing families' food sovereignty. An average of 576 arboreal plants were found , shrub or hemi-epiphyte, with 230 plant specimens, the ecosystem services best rated by families were improvement in food and income, reduction in temperature, maintenance of water in the soil and protection of the house against winds, increase in the number of birds , soil improvement and beautification and backyards as a place for leisure. In the third chapter, we will provide an approach to families' perceptions of the ecosystem services generated by productive backyards, and finally in the fourth chapter, we will propose a phenological calendar based on the knowledge developed by families in their relationship with productive backyards.