The present study sought to analyze the Institute of custody hearing as a contentious measure to the exacerbated use of prison as a prima ratio of the Brazilian Criminal Justice System. In Brazil, since its implementation, the Custody Hearing has been understood as a subjective right of every person arrested whether it is flagrant, as a result of compliance with an arrest warrant – including civil – must be conducted in the presence of the judicial authority competent authority, so that it can be heard "on the circumstances in which his arrest took place" and also examining the aspects of formal and material legality of the arrest warrant. Thus, aimed at analyzing the imbrications contained in the holding of Custody Hearings in the District of Porto Seguro, extreme south of Bahia, together with the 1st and 2nd Criminal Court, this research seeks to understand the rationalities practiced by the operators of the right (Judges, Prosecutors, Advocates and Lawyers) during the Holding of Custody Hearings. To this do so, this research is organized on three objectives, which are: (1) the socioeconomic profile of the subjects taken to the judicial authorities to hold custody hearings, identify the criminal typifications now imputed and the legal measures adopted, seeking to analyze the
decision-making content and, above all, its rationale and, finally, identify and analyze the bills (PL) being processed before the national congress regarding the Custodia Hearing, as well as The Direct Action of Unconstitutionality (ADI) No. 6,841, pending before the Supreme Court (STF), identifying their basic assumptions and stated objectives (or not) and possible justifications. Through the increasing increase in the number of persons deprived of liberty, especially in the case of interim/precautionary measures, it is essential to analyze, especially the performance of the judiciary, having as scientific relevance the construction of an academic framework, interdisciplinary analysis, embodied in the questioning about the existence of a modus operandi that takes as its object the people in custody and not the arrest in flagrante itself.

In Brazil, studies on drug prohibition policy often gain centrality in the field of Social Sciences because they address, among other topics, the processes of selectivity and subjection in the criminal justice system. Among other criticisms directed at this public security policy, the selection process and prior criminal classification in the police approach stands out, often justified in the subjective concept of the figure of the suspect and based on social stigmas reproducing stereotypes that influence the processes of distinction between drug dealers and drug users. Fuelled by social, economic, gender and above all, racial elements, stereotypes contribute to social injustice and the criminalization of vulnerable classes and social groups. In this perspective, the present work, whose idea arose from the exercise of the intern practice in the Public Defender of The State of Bahia, has as its main theme the police approach and the criteria used by the agents for prior criminal classification between drug dealers and drug users. In this sense, the objective was to analyze the decision-making processes of police officers in the municipality of Porto Seguro, at the time of the approach, among the crimes typified in articles 28,caput, and 33,caput, both of Law nº 11.343/06. through a bibliographic review and document analysis, the research used a case study to analyze the arrest records in blatant crime and the detailed terms of occurrence, drawn up between the years 2020 to 2022, with the purpose of mapping the actions police officers in the municipality, building a socioeconomic profile of subjects typified as drug users and dealers and, base on the criterion used for criminal classification, inferring whether there is police selectivity based on criterion inherent to people. As a result, the small number of non-white people registered stands out, contributing to the interpretation that skin color can be a criterion for selecting the opposite. Furthermore, age and gender were other subjective criteria that predominated in police records. Among the highlighted objective criterion, it was possible to perceive a greater tendency towards drug trafficking in cases where people arrested in the act were carrying large amounts and a variety of illicit substances, even more so if accompanied by the seizure of cell phones, card machines, weapons of fire, among others.Therefore, it is possible to presume that the criteria that lead to the occurrence of a police approach are inherent to the subjects, being the objective elementsresponsible, to a great extent, in the distinction between traffickers and users in the municipality.

The present study addresses the influence of migratory movements on the gastronomy of the Island of Mozambique, exploring the sociocultural transformations promoted by the exchanges and cultural dynamics between local peoples and immigrants. The story goes that the Island of Mozambique was previously inhabited by various ethnic groups from different parts of the world, which had an impact on their cultural habits, including food practices. From the ethnographic record of memories and life stories related to the food of families on the Island of Mozambique, changes that occurred over time were identified. For this purpose, participant observation techniques, field diary, photographic records, collective interviews and life histories of the families covered by the research were used. As a result of this research, the study pointed to the existence of several altered aspects in some dishes on the Island of Mozambique. As well as the resistance in maintaining some eating habits and cooking methods. The use of seasonings in some dishes that were not usual in the past was one of the aspects verified in the field of study, as well as the use of broth to improve the taste of the food. The broth was branded as a product that is harmful to the health of consumers, which is why some of the interlocutors criticized its use and questioned about consumer policies that do not prohibit the sale of this product. Apart from the sociocultural transformations verified in the ways of preparing some dishes, the study presented the cultural imbrication of some dishes with the cultural habits of the communities on the Island of Mozambique, as it was mentioned during the conversations with some of the interlocutors that there are obligatory dishes in traditional ceremonies (evocation of ancestors). These links between food and people show how modern sociability has faced cultural resistance in local communities. Modernity was also observable at the Fair and Festival macute that take place on the Island, where many modern aspects inherent in food can be noted. These elements of modernity come to answer the questions raised by the interlocutors about the lack of some items that are part of the local gastronomy, which forces this community to choose to consume manufactured products patents in various grocery stores on the Island of Mozambique and beyond. Information was sought from the Museum on the instruments used in the kitchen for many years on the Island of Mozambique, as well as their evolution over time. It was based on this information that the value that clay pots have in food preservation was realized. The study presents the discussions of the views of its interlocutors confronting with the theoretical bases consulted throughout the bibliographic review. At the end of the study, some typical dishes from the research site are presented in the analysis and discussion of the results, where data on the changes in certain dishes that culturally resist the food modernity that is verified in the world in general are indicated. It concludes by presenting the final considerations that dictated the emergence of new eating habits on the Island of Mozambique as a result of the migratory movements that this region has suffered, thus giving rise to the so-called gastronomy of the Island of Mozambique. Future prospects for research were presented.

Telenovelas are one of the most consumed cultural products in Brazil, with Rede Globo being the largest producer of this type of content. Thinking about the social images that are produced by the soap opera, this research aims to analyze the racial and gender representations of the black and non-heterosexual characters Jefferson and Cido, from the soap operas A Próxima Vítima (1995) and O Outro Lado do Paraíso (2017- 2018) respectively. Both were originally shown on Rede Globo during prime time, the most commercially important period for the broadcaster's schedule. For this endeavor, an analysis of the representations of the characters was carried out from the perspective of intersectionality between the categories of race, gender and sexuality. It is clear that the discourses and ideologies used to conduct the plots dialogued with representations historically associated with black and non-heterosexual people. To construct this work, we discussed the writings of authors such as Ester Hamburguer (1998), Denise Ferreira da Silva (1991), Joel Zito Araújo (2019) who help in understanding the representations of black people in soap operas, Stuart Hall (2016 ) when discussing the representation of black characters in society; bell hooks (2019) and Osmundo Pinho (2004; 2015), who debate the role of black masculinity; and Michel Foucault (1988) and Judith Butler (2018), which help to understand the way in which Western society has historically dealt with people who deviate from the sex-gender standard.

The uberization of work has been raising debates about the limits between self-employment and that constituted by an employment relationship. As these borders are blurred, a new corporate strategy of hiding the employment relationship and precariousness of rights is revealed. The object of this research is uberization, a neologism that comes from the company Uber and has become synonymous with the work carried out through digital applications available on cell phones. While companies see this as an autonomous work that excludes the application of labor laws, there is still no consolidated position on the subject in the courts. This thesis investigates whether the provision of services by Uber drivers configures one of the requirements of the employment relationship, subordination. From a multidisciplinary perspective, which combines law, sociology and anthropology, the objective of this thesis is to reveal the elements that constitute this border between the formal and the informal. The reflections presented here result from the application of different research methods, such as the bibliographic review, the survey of judicial decisions and legal texts, in addition to an empirical approach guided by ethnography that includes the analysis of the Uber platform, social networks and fieldwork. driving as an Uber driver between December 2021 and March 2022 in the metropolitan region of Salvador/BA. The thesis demonstrates how Uber's techniques, typical of surveillance capitalism, make systematic use of subordination and allow the framing of the work performed by app drivers as an employment relationship

A participação social voltou [2023] a ser pauta no processo de gestão de políticas públicas. Acerca disso, fervilham debates sobre a melhor arquitetura para inserir a população no planejamento, implementação e controle social dessas políticas. As experiências passadas estão sendo revistas para melhorar o desenho de novos percursos. Neste contexto, esta pesquisa analisou a participação social no Conselho de Desenvolvimento Territorial (CODETER) do Território de Identidade do Extremo Sul da Bahia (TIES), a fim de entender como os atores se organizam, se reconhecem e se envolvem em questões de seu interesse, para gestão das políticas públicas. A consolidação da participação no CODETER confirma-se na consecução e continuidade de ações no território e ocorre por meio do reconhecimento dos diversos atores desse instrumento como mediador de seus interesses na arquitetura da participação social na abordagem territorial. O estudo justifica-se como relevante porque o modelo de Políticas Públicas de Desenvolvimento Territorial (PPDT) implantado no Brasil em 2003 foi prefigurado na perspectiva de gestão participativa. Por isso, pesquisou-se a participação nesta política, a fim de entender como se realizou esse processo e como as relações se desenvolveram. Tratase de um trabalho realizado por meio de métodos e técnicas de natureza qualitativa e quantitativa, o qual demandou levantamento de dados secundários, pesquisa documental e de campo, pelo acompanhamento de ações do Codeter, entrevistas semiestruturadas e aplicação de questionários. As teorias orientadoras do olhar para o problema levantado foram a “Mirada ao Revés”, de Rosana Boullosa, que permitiu localizar os atores e os identificarem no problema adjacente das dificuldades de participação e a “Teoria dos Incentivos Mútuos”, que orientou a localização dos elos da participação social no território. Como resultado, identificou-se que o modelo de gestão territorial aplicado à realidade do TIES-BA possui elos condutores de fortalecimento da participação no desenvolvimento territorial, ligados por forças originadas da identidade e da história política, demográfica, econômica e social do território, assim como foram identificadas fragilidades que estão ligadas à gestão da política que não contempla o Codeter com recursos previstos para sua manutenção, que compromete o reconhecimento do seu papel no processo. Espera-se que este trabalho seja orientador de outras pesquisas no território, diante das situações levantadas que requerem mais estudos para contribuir com os processos de políticas públicas de desenvolvimento territorial, de modo que sejam pensadas estratégias que atendam às demandas e bem-estar dos diversos atores.

Solidarity economy is composed of collective economic activities in which workers associate and practice self-management of their enterprises and businesses. Women have stood out in the solidarity economy, becoming political, participatory, and empowered subjects, and resignifying their roles in overcoming social exclusion and invisibility. This exploratory and descriptive study aimed to analyze how and in what ways solidarity economy practices can contribute to the processes of resignification of social roles, empowerment, and the construction of new productive, reproductive, social, and economic ties of working women in COOMAFES. For this purpose, a study was carried out at the Cooperative of Women of Family Agriculture and Solidarity Economy - COOMAFES, in the municipality of Valença-Ba, which has been presented as an important instrument and collective work space, recognition, and struggle for improvement of socioeconomic, socioproductive, and construction of relations of women in the Baixo Sul region. The methodology used was of a qualitative nature, and through the case study at COOMAFES, the life stories of the researched women were analyzed. The study results indicated that solidarity economy for the women of the studied cooperative was and is capable of promoting processes of autonomy, emancipation, and empowerment, as well as being able to resignify social and identity roles, favoring changes in the trajectories of women's lives, contributing to the construction of new productive, reproductive, economic and social ties, based on the principles of solidarity economy and experiences in the solidarity collective. The main conclusions of the study point to the understanding that solidarity economy is indeed an instrument that can promote changes in the stories and trajectories of life of those who develop productive activities linked to it, and, specifically in this study, transformed the life stories of COOMAFES women and that in this way, it can serve as a model for other solidarity economy groups, whether mixed or women's, based on how they organize, how each woman's experiences are valued, the importance that the cooperative gives to the formation of collective members in terms of commercialization, organization of productive activities, economicfinancial control, as well as the encouragement of participation in spaces, seeking recognition, autonomy, and emancipation through mutual aid, valuing individual stories and community culture, strengthening social and identity ties, and seeking access to public policies that can strengthen people through the generation of work and income, as well as develop the solidary economic enterprises of the territory.

Objective: to analyze the judicialization of labor relations in the field of nursing in Brazil, from 2014 to 2022. The specific objectives were: to analyze the consequences of the flexible accumulation model and the social function of the State, with emphasis on labor law and in the nursing work process; to characterize the profile of labor lawsuits filed by field workers in nursing in Brazil from 2014 to 2022; to analyze labor demands related to Burnout Syndrome (BS) filed by field workers in nursing in Brazil from 2014 to 2022. Methods: a quantitative and descriptive approach was used, with a documental and jurimetric nature. To support the analysis, theoretical constructs from Marx's category of "production relations" were used, as well as the theoretical perspectives of authors with a Marxist orientation. The geographic scope was the labor court and the temporal scope was retrospective, with the cut from 2014. To collect the data, the data scraping technique (webscraping) and the Data Lawyer Insights software were used. Results: 200,127 lawsuits were identified, totaling BRL 13.96 billion in claims, with an average value of BRL 70,245. With regard to procedural phases, there are 75,326 processes in the Acknowledgment phase, 32,136 in the Settlement phase and 11,493 in the Execution phase. The states of Rio de Janeiro, Bahia and Minas Gerais had the highest number of labor lawsuits. Between 2014 and 2017, there was an upward trend in the distribution of labor lawsuits, from 11,025 to 31,672 cases. From 2018, there was a decline in the volume of complaints. The average duration of the process was 618 days. In the period from 2014 to 2017, there was an increase in the volume of agreements and an increase in defaults, while from 2018 these numbers reduced. We identified 407 cases that mentioned the Burnout Syndrome in the requests presented in the initial petition. In the ranking of cumulation of requests related to BS, occupational disease was the most mentioned in the processes, followed by termination, additional hours and moral harassment. There was a concentration of lawsuits in the states of São Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul, which together totaled 107 lawsuits (46.7%). The data from this survey indicate that the majority of requests were judged partially valid and resolved in the First Instance. Conclusion: Changes in labor legislation were implemented with the aim of legitimizing business practices previously considered illegal, in line with neoliberalism. However, judicial decisions based on constitutional principles have the potential to reaffirm fundamental rights and contribute to the realization of labor rights. Despite the low number of claims related to BS in the Labor Court, studies indicate a high prevalence of this syndrome among categories in the field of nursing. The need for an interdisciplinary approach is indicated to find solutions that can mitigate the damage suffered by workers, going beyond the work environment, since these problems also affect the social environment in which they are inserted as citizens.

Understanding the governmental action that spurred the creation of the Minha Casa, Minha Vida Program (PMCMV) in 2009, and established its macrostructure, the basis for its execution and from which the changes made to it were based until it was discontinued in 2020, is the general objective of this thesis, with a special focus on Level 1 of the Program, aimed at the lowest-income population stratum, and for the modality that uses resources from the Residential Lease Fund. To achieve this, an analytical tool based mainly on the works of Maria Paula Dallari Bucci was activated, whose theoretical-methodological approach allows the identification and systematization of the conditions, rules and legal institutions necessary for the implementation of public policies. Supported by this reference, a reading of the legalinstitutional dimensions of the PMCMV is proposed in two stages, which correspond to the specific objectives of the research: 1) from a macro-institutional plan, whose reflection revolves around the context and political disputes in the government environment that challenged its conception, in order to highlight the decision taken by it; 2) and from a micro-institutional level, in which the normative translation of that same decision is analyzed and the regulation of the processes that organize governmental action and lead to the results achieved by it, especially regarding the production of urban space for Level 1, where the housing deficit is concentrated and whose developments are located in peripheral regions. For the study of the macro-institutional sphere, an interdisciplinary literature review is used, supported by authors who deal with housing policies in Brazil and, more specifically, the PMCMV; in terms of microinstitutionality, Law no. 11.977/2009 and the ordinances produced by the Ministry of Cities and the Ministry of Regional Development between 2009 and 2020, related to the categories chosen for the development of the topic are analyzed: scale and target audience; resource allocation; and the role of governmental and non-governmental actors. By criticizing the legal-institutional forms of the PMCMV, the study considers the concept of the right to the city undertaken by Henri Lefebvre as an epistemological horizon of the urban phenomenon, as well as the attempts to appropriate it by the Brazilian legal system, notably by the City Statute (Law no. 10.251/2001), its principled basis and the urban instruments established by it, and by the constitutional chapter reserved for urban policy. This is because it is argued that such assumptions should be central to a public policy that announced the quantitative housing deficit as the social problem it intended to attack and the right to housing and urban planning as guarantees to be effective from its implementation. Finally, bearing in mind the selection criteria for the subjects of the rights conveyed by the Program and the historical data on urban racial and gender inequality, we bet on a discussion on intersectionality, so that new assumptions can be thought of for the institutional making of policies that deal with socio-spatial segregation, as is the case of the PMCMV.

This work has as its driving situation the execution of a project that I worked as an anthropologist, which involved several actors, with a focus, aiming to train the first ones, to act appropriately with the indigenous populations, at the same time guaranteeing human rights and differentiated attention. However, the actors involved often oscillated between conflicting perspectives. This duality was often perceived as antagonistic, highlighting a fundamental point of analysis: the clash between cultural relativism, interpreted as particularism, and Human Rights, understood as universalism. In this way, an attempt was made to understand the forms and means of interaction between the Pataxó people and the State and what is the potential for social and cultural change in this relationship, given the encounter and clashes of themes, models of conduct, logics that are reflections of different world visions. A scheme for carrying out the research was to start by historicizing this relationship and its different natures and impacts in the different phases of history, starting to focus on this type of interaction between the Pataxó and state institutions in contemporary times, narrowing down to the case of the aforementioned project, showing how the Pataxó claimed access to rights, identifying public policies as a possible tool to mitigate the social vulnerability that affect them, and also showing how they guided the design of the project to increase differentiated attention in the implementation phase of the social assistance policy at the municipal level. In this sense, there is a descriptive part of this moment, in which strategies were discussed among the participants to face persistent problems identified among and by the Pataxó, which are characteristic of a situation of social vulnerability, such as violence against women, child labor, and use and drug abuse. In the second moment of the research, we sought to find out about the consequences of the efforts committed to the project, with the execution of the redesign, as well as possible changes in the time interval between field research, in relation to the central themes of the project. In a feedback cycle, in addition to bibliographical research, elements were used to illustrate certain themes, such as content from journalism and social media. The set of analytical materials comprises field experiences during the years 2015-2016, plus field research carried out between 2019 and 2023, in which structured and semistructured interviews were arranged, and ethnographic monitoring of some situations and events. multisited form. As for the presence or not of the State in indigenous territorial contexts, we can, in a way, say that, despite being unwanted (and sometimes circumstantially depending on the rulers in charge) in some cases or for some aspects of these societies, the State is present in these situations. The state structure, perceived as inevitable, is now instrumentalized by the Pataxó, to claim means of mitigating State actions that are disadvantageous to indigenous peoples and that currently place them in a situation of social vulnerability. It is understood here that the State can guarantee rights in the same way that it can violate rights. A protagonism posture of the Pataxó was perceived, in the desire and struggle to occupy public spaces and instances of the State, understood as a way of guaranteeing rights and public policies. As for possible cultural changes, in the light of anthropology and studies of indigenous ethnology in Brazil, we can affirm that a culture as an open and dynamic system can be modified by external interference or internal concerns.

Matrixing constitutes a democratic dialogical strategy, fundamental to enable actions and dialogues, in a transdisciplinary and intersectoral way, in network articulations, in territories. This health-producing social technology has made it possible to expand the actions of substitute services for psychiatric hospitals - the Psychosocial Care Centers (CAPS) - impacting and reconfiguring interprofessional relationships, by making co-responsibility for care. Faced with recent setbacks in Mental Health, of which the legitimized return of asylum practices stands out, there is an interest in expanding research on the Matrixing between Mental Health (MH) and Primary Care (PC) in the South region of Bahia. The research aimed to characterize the perception of Mental Health and Primary Care professionals about the advances and challenges encountered in their professional practice in the Matrixing process within the context of network work in the municipalities of the Region and execute and analyze a proposal for a Permanent Education Workshop/Preparatory Workshop for Matrix Support with these professionals. It was mixed nature research, qualitative and quantitative, developed in two stages: in the first, bibliographical and documentary research was carried out on the phenomenon of Matrixing and its context with a view to composing the theoretical foundation chapters and allowing the discussion of the results. In the second stage, field research was conducted, with two distinct moments: the first being of quantitative nature, involved the application of questionnaires and a psychometric scale, which was preliminarily validated in this study, which measured the professionals' perception regarding the challenges and advances of the Matrixing. The data collected at this stage were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, with the IBM SPSS 25 program, with a significance level of 0.05 being considered acceptable. In the second moment, of action research, the Permanent Education Workshop preparatory to Matrix Support was held, with the purpose of exchanging knowledge and developing critical reflection on their own practice, with a view to transforming their realities, in which the researcher acted as a participant observer. The quantitative moment of the field stage was carried out with 354 Mental Health and Primary Care professionals (of which 83.1% were women, 58.2 aged between 36 and 55 years, 83% were black and 33.1% were community agents) in the eight municipalities of the region under study. In the qualitative moment, 345 professionals with a similar sociodemographic profile participated. The results show that although the majority (74%) correctly indicate the concept of Matrix Support, 45.2% say they do not know or do not remember that it is part of their job to carry it out. Furthermore, 46.3% do not know the documents from the Ministry of Health (MS) that deal with the topic and 20.9% do not remember these documents. The majority of survey participants (58.2%) did not receive training on Matrix Support, even though 48.9% had already participated in matrix actions. From the Scale that measures challenges and advances in matrix support, it was observed that this social technology provided opportunities for “Increased resolution/Expanded access, actions/forms of care and knowledge” and “Positive changes in cultural paradigms”. On the other hand, the challenges that present themselves as the biggest obstacles are “Problems related to management”, “Negative view of matrix support and limited on how people with mental disorders should be treated”, “Deficiency in professional training and investment in education” and “Difficulties imposed by working conditions and lack of information among the population/family members about Matrix actions”. Furthermore, the dimension “Problem with professionals’ attitudes/Commitment” was not perceived as a challenge for participants. Regarding inferential analyses, the results indicated that the perception of these challenges does not depend on the sector in which the professional works, whether AB or SM, as well as the advances do not depend on the municipality in which they work. With regard to challenges, multiple effects of the municipality were found, which are described in detail in the results. There were no significant effects of training on the perception of advances and challenges observed with the matrix process, with the exception of the “Management problem”, which was perceived as more problematic by professionals who had already received training. In the final stage, the Workshops, a qualitative analysis of the process recorded in the “Logbook” was carried out, based on the interactions, the results of which demonstrated the impact of the information shared and the awareness of the participants towards the theme of anti-asylum care in MH in the PC and of Matrix Support. The lack of knowledge about Matrix Support and its real importance for more efficient care was confirmed, as well as the almost non-existence of robust actions regarding this social technology. In general, it was observed that there was no understanding of how to carry out Matrix Support in a permanent and efficient way, highlighting turnover, lack of information and management vision as problems. Furthermore, the strong presence of the asylum paradigm in daily care and in the way of seeing users with intense psychological suffering and severe mental disorders was common to participants in both AB and SM, suggesting that this also contributes to more medicated /medical-centered and less psychosocial care. It is hoped that this study can corroborate to expand reflections on the importance of democratic practices in Health, such as Matrixing between SM and AB, and about professional training, in the aspect of network care, also contributing to the protagonism of its participants in territories of belonging, and to expand the possibility of effectiveness in SM in the South region of Bahia.

The research aims to discuss the textbooks of Natural Sciences and their Technologies used in the so-called New High School (Law No. 13.415/2017) with regard to ethnic-racial relations in Brazil and the teaching of biology. The question is: How, in particular, are black people thought/represented by the themes proposed by high school biology textbooks? Is there a racial recognition of black culture, the majority in Brazil, in the approaches proposed in these books? Do they contribute to the recognition of racial equality in Brazil? To answer these questions, we outline the following general objective: To investigate the contributions of biology textbooks used in the new high school for the consolidation of Law n. 13.415/2017. This general objective was broken down into the following specific objectives: a). To present how black people are thought of/represented by the themes proposed by high school biology textbooks. B). To analyze the conceptions of ethnic -racial relations and Biology teaching present in New High School textbooks; ç). Identify the limits and possibilities of textbooks to work on ethnic-racial relations considering the High School BNCC.

Using ethnographic, bibliographic and documental sources, this research aims
to understand how the implantation of the Monte National Park from 1943 onwards, in
an overlapping situation with the ancestral Pataxó territory, contributed through a
conservationist model of environmental management to restricting the indigenous
presence in the area, generating a territorialization process that is characterized on the
one hand through State repression, territorial restrictions and violations of rights, while
on the other hand, this process is marked by cultural and political transformations that
act as ethnogenic factors, leading the Pataxó people in their actions of territorial
reconquest, which implies the constitution of new mechanisms of mobilization and
socio-political organization, in the re-elaboration of a set of traditional knowledge and
practices, in the form action of new villages in areas that are under the control of the
government and of the regional society, in addition to the development of sustainable
ways of ethnodevelopment and environmental management, as a way to make
traditional indigenous use compatible with the environmental protection policy
established within the scope from the park.

This research is inserted in the field of educational policies, analyzing the performance of the Proprietary Executing Units (UEx) in the Dinheiro Direto na Escola Program. The UEx are constituted as Intra-School Collegiate which, among other attributions, is responsible for the social control of the PDDE, one of the Union's public financing policies for basic education, created in 1995. It is a qualitative research, which aims to investigate which social segments, among those established by law, were more present in the composition of the UEx in the last six years, as well as analyze the performance of these representations, with regard to social control in the municipal network of Itamaraju/Bahia. As methodological procedures, document analysis and field research will be used. The document analysis will benefit from national documents, such as: MEC/FNDE Resolutions and Guidance Manuals and local documents: Municipal Laws, Unified UEx Statutes, Biennial Election Minutes and UEx General Assembly Minutes. The field research has 18 collaborators, all UEx members, from two municipal schools in Itamaraju. The study will have as theoreticalanalytical framework the Policy Cycle Approach, formulated by the English authors Stephen Ball and Richard Bowe, based on a post-structuralist perspective to analyze the complexity of political contexts and the effects of policies, based on the understanding that policies are not merely implemented, but recreated, reinterpreted and recontextualized in the context of practice. It is expected as a result of this investigation to foster the participation of the school community in the performance of public educational policies, in order to contribute to the realization of democratic management in school spaces.

This research carried out a study among students from the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Bahia – IFBA, Campus Eunápolis, regarding their understanding of the Student Assistance Policy. The research universe consisted of students who participated in the selection of the Student Assistance and Support Program (PAAE) in 2019. This year, 527 were distributed among the three teaching modalities on the Campus (Integrated High School, Subsequent High School and Superior) that went through the analysis of the social worker, and of these, 389 were covered and 138 were not. Considering the complexity of a qualitative research, I delimited as a sample, six students per modality, totaling 18, between contemplated and not contemplated in the 2019 selection. The problem investigated was what would be the understanding of the students of the IFBA Campus Eunápolis, as subjects of rights, regarding the Student Assistance Policy? And how can the expressions of the social issue experienced by them influence this understanding? As for the approach, this research is characterized as qualitative, as for the objectives as exploratory and descriptive. For data collection, two different instruments were used: the questionnaire and the group interviews separated by teaching modalities that took place virtually through a videoconferencing application, Google Meet and were guided by a semi-structured interview script. Data analysis was carried out in the last two chapters, considering the operationalization of Minayo's (2002) hermeneutic-dialectical method, which included the ordering of data, which is the mapping of collected data, data classification and subsequent categorization and, finally, , the final analysis, moment of articulation of the results with the theoretical reference. In view of this, the results showed an understanding of student assistance in its immediacy and from the needs of individual survival, reflecting the Brazilian reality regarding Social Policies.

Private libraries usually represent the extension of the memory and thinking of their owner. Based on this assumption, this Master's thesis intends to build a biography of Roberto Albergaria de Oliveira's library (1950-2015), anthropologist, professor and communicator, and by doing so, to find and highlight in his bibliographical heritage, elements that also offer evidence of his process of building the intellectual that is somehow born with keeping one's own library. In this context, the research aims at disclosing the work and the bibliographic Albergarian collection, as well as at demonstrating his contributions to our understanding of Bahia state as he conceived it: realistically and free of stereotypes, and also at explaining in his particular way the history of Bahian anthropology especially as far as its urban dimension or facet is concerned.

Public squares are fundamental spaces for social experience and the exercise of citizenship, the ways in which they are produced and appropriated reflect the complexity of the relationships between the various agents that produce the urban space. In this perspective, a research was carried out on commerce in public space, having as empirical reference the Bandeira and Relógio squares in the center of the city of Porto Seguro, Bahia. The objective of this work was to understand how the economic circuit of tourism is related to the process of (re)production of public spaces in the city of Porto Seguro, Bahia. To systematize the work, the concepts of public space, tourism and economic circuits were used. The methodology was based on theoretical and statistical research in secondary databases, field observation and application of survey questionnaires to merchants who work in the squares and their surroundings. This work made it possible to verify the process of fragmentation and appropriation of public squares by tourism to the detriment of the local population, concluding that the circuits of the urban economy, in which tourism in Porto Seguro is inserted, are structured in order to influence the spatial arrangements to be from the accumulation of techniques, and concentration or dispersion of goods and services, which results in the creation of privileged spaces and conflicts around them.

The discursive content of this work, while participant research, turns to a non-hegemonic and non-cartesian view in the postulancy of knowledge. Its meaning is the critique of modern science, which in its unfolding not only makes it invisible, but also makes impossible the affirmation of individual and collective consciences that form other processes of teaching and learning, projecting, therefore, on traditional cultures and people the idea of an anachronistic, static and sometimes obsolete knowledge. Therefore, it is a look at the possibility of a traditional millennial pedagogical practice that transmits knowledge through orality and local know-how. A particular episteme is sought in the course - "Afro indigenous", fishing customs and social organizations inherited from native Brazilians and cultural expressions inherited from African traditions, and in this sense strengthen the guarantee of protection of the Brazilian Constitutional Constitution of Traditional Knowledge Decree No. 6040, of February 7, 2007. This research seeks to understand the possible sociocultural contributions of the mangrove ecosystem in the process of construction of traditional fishing knowledge of the Tapera and Miringaba riverside communities in the Extractive Reserve of Cassurubá/Caravelas/Bahia/Brazil. To this end, reports of the management plan were selected as a source of information with RESEX, the Center for Research and Conservation of Marine Biodiversity of the Northeast - CEPENE, the Z-25 Fishermen's Colony and associations of residents and fish workers.

The partners of this research are divided between two groups: Group (α):

Fishermen and Fish Workers over 45 years. Group (β): Artists and Popular Leaders. For both groups, semi-structured interviews were conducted in a conversation circle and an immersion of two days and one night with emphasis on socio-environmental recognition of the riverside territory, in addition to the monitoring of the Nagô and Tupinambá`s games, Yemanjá`s Celebration and Carnival Parade between 2019 and 2022.

In this research work I propose to know and reflect on indigenous school education and intercultural education from the experiences related to the Pataxó Indigenous School in Boca da Mata. As a working methodology, I seek to build a research with a participatory bias, inspired by experiences of participatory research in Brazil and in other Latin American countries. Regarding the process of building indigenous school education in Boca da Mata, the community's desire to build the school and conduct the educational processes was emphasized so that the new generations could study in the village itself. At this moment, we can monitor some fundamental situations such as the hiring and sending of teachers to the community, the expansion of the offer of education in Basic Education, the training of indigenous teachers and the teaching of indigenous language and culture in a school context. The themes related to the formation of the indigenous school in the Boca da Mata village appear directly related to the territorial struggles of the Pataxó in the region of Barra Velha and Monte Pascoal. At this moment, the presence of families in the territory and the struggle for the right over these spaces comes to the fore. These questions are brought up from four biographical paths that lead us to conceive the importance of family ties and Pataxó ancestors in the territory, marked by displacement and fixation of these families in traditionally occupied places. In this way, we are led to conceive the socio-spatial dynamics of the Pataxó in the extreme south of Bahia and the role attributed to the indigenous school for the organization and sustainability of the ethnic group in the territory in its national and local context. Thus, I try to start from more contextualized experiences to learn about indigenous school education and intercultural education in our days. In Boca da Mata, a significant part of these debates, experiences and learning took place in practice, in the struggle to expand the offer of Basic Education in the community and in the moments of training teachers and leaders for indigenous teaching. In these spaces, teachers and indigenous leaders were able to debate and propose actions related to the provision of school education in the community in dialogue with local interests and the guiding themes of indigenous school education in the normative scope, such as specificity, interculturality and bilingualism. Many of the initiatives presented on the path of indigenous school education in Boca da Mata took place in the context of relationships with other Pataxó schools, and in line with joint issues with other indigenous peoples who are also fighting for better conditions for indigenous school education, especially in the state of Bahia. Thus, I seek to present the meaning of interculturality from the experiences with indigenous school education in the community, to, finally, discuss the potential of indigenous teachers for the realization of intercultural education in the context of non-indigenous schools in the country, as provided for in the Law 11,645 of 2008, which determines the teaching of indigenous history and culture in Brazilian basic education.

Brazil  is  constitutionally  a  Democratic  State  of  Law,  whose  basic  foundations  are human dignity and citizenship. Since the 1988 Federal Constitution, the Brazilian legal system  has  presented  an  extensive  list  of  fundamental  rights  and  guarantees, expressly provided for in the text of the Constitution. The fundamental objective is the construction  of  an  isonomic,  just  and  solidary  society.  Despite  the  objectives  and foundations  expressed  in the Constitution,  in practice  Brazilian  society is marked by inequalities and the denial of rights to certain groups and collectivities. Forged within a racist  and  patriarchal  structure,  the  Brazilian  legal  system  has  yet  to  translate  the constitutional precepts and foundations  into social  reality. In order to understand the gap and the distance between the constitutional values and social reality in our country, it is emergent the construction of academic-legal research, which analyze the different factors that permeate the social struggles and achievements for rights. The problem of the present research is to analyse the leading role played by the quilombola women of Helvécia in the process of struggle for recognition, and the importance of this activism as an instrument for the realisation of emancipatory fundamental rights. As objectives, the research addresses the historical trajectory of Helvécia, from its origin, as part of the Leopoldina Colony, to the present process of struggle for recognition. It analyzes the   struggles   and   experiences   of   women    from   the   category   of    analysis, intersectionality, in its markers of gender and race, addressing the struggle for political rights of quilombola women, and the importance of representation for the constitution of an isonomic  democracy  in Brazil. It also analyzes  the protagonism  of quilombola women,  from the category  of  Afrocentric  analysis  of  agency,  as the centrality  of  the subjects  in  society.  And  finally,  the  process  of  struggle  and  implementation  of emancipatory  fundamental  rights  in  the  community  of  Helvécia,  achievements  and challenges.  Fundamental  rights are understood  from the emancipatory  dimension  of Boaventura de Sousa Santos. As methodology I use the field research, through semi- structured  interviews,  whose  subject participants  are four  women  from the Helvécia Quilombola Association (AQH), I also use the bibliographical research, afroreferenced, mainly,   with  black  authors,  and  also  academic-scientific  research  conducted  in Brazilian quilombos. AII research is permeated by black feminist epistemology, and its main  categories  of  analysis,  such  as  orality,  social  place,  intersectionality,  among others. Understanding  the process of struggle for recognition and realization of rights in the community  of Helvécia,  and the role of  women in this trajectory,  from a black feminist  epistemology,  is important  as a scientific  stance.  Brazil is still a country cut across by structural racism and sexism, and in this context, studies and research from perspectives  and  places  different  from  those  belonging  to  hegemonic  groups  has academic,  scientific, legal and social  relevance  in the process of confronting racism and sexism, on the road to building a fairer, more isonomic and plural society 

Obstetric violence is a current and controversial phenomenon that has been debated worldwide, in the social, scientific and political spheres. The social participation of women in the public sphere has been an important way to confront obstetric violence when linked to actions aimed at inducing the humanization agenda of public policies for maternal and child health. This study is based on social research to analyze the phenomenon and its confrontation in the context of obstetric health care marked by acts of violence and deprivation of reproductive rights of women. The study draws on a local and current experience of political action led by a Women's Collective in the Extreme South region of the state of Bahia. The analysis is based on the field of participatory social research, conducted from a case study that was guided by the assumptions of Grounded Theory, created in 1965 by American sociologists Anselm Strauss and Barney Glaser. The time frame for data collection and analysis covered the period from 2017 to 2020. The following data collection techniques were applied: document analysis; field diary analysis; semi-structured interviews and online questionnaire. The study participants were the activists of the Women's Collective and some of the main interlocutors representing health services and institutions in the management spaces of the national maternal and child health policy Stork Network. The data and experience analysis was carried out from the literature review according to the guidelines of the Grounded Theory, having been very important the Thematic Oral History method and the classification of childbirth maltreatment by Bohren and collaborators. The thesis is presented in six chapters. Chapters one and two present the theoretical references that guided the research process, with obstetric violence as a concept being addressed in chapter one and social participation in chapter two. Chapter three presents the theoretical and methodological assumptions and the course of the research, with emphasis on the involvement of the researcher, the characteristics of the field and of the study participants, and the objectives and hypotheses from which the research was based. Chapters four, five, and six delve into the exploratory case study. Chapter four presents the history of the creation of the Women's Collective and aspects that explain the Collective's relationship with obstetric violence in the region. The reports of obstetric violence are analyzed based on Bohren's terminology and the consequences of this violence for women's lives are presented, as well as what happens in the Collective based on the reception of the victims' reports. Chapter five presents the history of actions developed from 2017 to 2020, putting under analysis the very way in which the Collective deals with obstetric violence and with the public sphere, represented mainly by the spaces of participation and social control within the SUS and the Stork Network policy. The obstacles and advances perceived in the process of paradigmatic transition driven in the region are analyzed, including a reflection on the impact of the covid-19 pandemic. Chapter six specifically analyzes the gaps on abortion in the debate on obstetric violence, proposing a consensus that integrates the two phenomena. It is concluded that public policies with their architecture of social participation favored the visibility for the problem of obstetric violence and the dialogue between State and Society, however, the absence of obstetricians and managers who make structural decisions, as well as the Public Ministry, made it difficult for the structural changes necessary for the conformation of the network and humanized care to happen in the region.

The present thesis consists of a research challenge focused on the analysis of the implementation process of an innovative project of a federal institution of higher education, the Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, bold in its academic, administrative and pedagogical design, in the period from 2013 to 2013. 2017. To this end, initially, the lens of public policy implementation studies was sought and, later, the historical review of innovative initiatives in Brazilian universities, their resistance and results. Adding the perspective of emotions in the search for new rationalities for more possibilities of understanding the process, the concepts of recognition and contempt were added. Through the combined methodology of literature review and in-depth interviews, in the active listening of privileged witnesses of the process, implementing actors, it was possible to define the hypothesis that the cohesion of the beginning of the implementation was driven by mutual self-recognition, in the effort of all for the project to succeed, and that, to the extent of its operationalization, the implementation, by disregarding details of the concrete contexts, presented obstacles, practical inconsistencies, which, as inflections, were capable of generating unforeseen, unwanted and even perverse effects, tensions and pains, which, often not welcomed, generated different reactions in the subjects, from abandoning the project to resistance, individual and collective, manifesting movements of struggle for recognition, in turn, potentializers of conflicts and increasing loss of the collective capacity for dialogue, giving rise to ruptures and discontinuities. The study thus presents contributions to the diversification of the analysis of public policy implementation and to the reflection on the processes experienced at the Federal University of Southern Bahia in the defined time frame.

Over the last 20 years, the issue of physical spaces in early childhood education has gained the attention of educators, historians, architects and psychologists. In Brazil, there are national and municipal public policies that guide how these spaces should be constituted. This research is part of the field of public educational policies and focuses on analyzing the performance of the early childhood education policy that establishes the specifics of physical spaces intended for the education of children from zero to six years old. It is based on the theoretical-analytical framework of the Policy Cycle Approach formulated by theorists Stephen Ball and Richard Bowe. The analysis of the policy starts from the context of influence, in the construction of the National Policy for Early Childhood Education, passing through the context of the production of the text at national and local levels, finally, focusing on the context of practice, that is, analyzing the performance of the policy in question, in the reality of Early Childhood Education Centers in the city of Itamaraju, BA. The project is part of the Society, Culture and Environment Research Line of the Postgraduate Program in State and Society at the Federal University of Southern Bahia. This is a quali-quantitative research, which involved multiple data collection procedures and took place in two stages: Documentary Stage and Field Stage. In the Documental Stage, a survey of articles and books was carried out that allowed the identification of the social and political conditions that influenced the formulation of the national public policy on early childhood education. At this stage, an analysis was also made of the context of the production of the text of the national policy that deals with the physical spaces of children's institutions and local documents such as decrees, opinions, manuals, Pedagogical Political Projects and minutes of final results that also address the theme. In the Field Stage, in the context of policy practice, 27 subjects participated, 21 from seven Early Childhood Education Centers and six agents from public agencies, social control and the city council. The 21 participants (07 managers and 14 educators) from the Early Childhood Education Centers answered an electronic questionnaire with closed questions. With the six public agents (1 representative of the secretary of education, 1 representative of the secretary of works, 2 representatives of the Municipal Council of Education and 2 representatives of the City Council) interviews were conducted based on a structured script. Also in the Field Stage, visits were made to the Early Childhood Education Centers to recognize and describe their spaces. The data from the electronic questionnaires were treated using descriptive statistics, with the presentation of the absolute frequencies of the answers given by the participants. In conclusion, we found that, in the context of practice, a reality is created consisting of Early Childhood Education Centers that present, in more than 80% of cases, spaces that are not consistent with national and local policy of technical standards. There are also suggestions of a centralizing and authoritarian practice in the processes of elaboration of the local politics and in the taking of decisions about the constructions of the municipality, considering that a multidisciplinary team was not constituted to guarantee the process of collective listening. In addition, the city council and the Municipal Council of Education have ceased to act as supervisory elements. Finally, among the direct administration policymakers interviewed, signs of resistance were observed in relation to the imperative of enforcing legislation. This resistance can be supported by several justifications, both political and financial/economic, given the almost inexistence of resources from the union for construction and reform actions within the early childhood education policy, to date. It is expected, as a result of this investigation, to influence local public policies so that they promote the transformation of physical spaces intended for early childhood education in the municipality, respecting the specificities and needs of its users, and contributing to its integral development.

When evaluating the trajectory of family farmers, it is clear that they have always been marginalized from the process of establishing guarantees and rights that increase their quality of life and reduce social inequalities. However, it is also possible to see that in the last 20 years, after decades of struggles and demands, family farming has experienced a growing representation on the public agenda. Family farmers began to present themselves as protagonists in a series of movements that sought recognition and rights, specifically in the achievement of differentiated public policies for rural development. In this sense, the theme of the present study seeks to relate the concepts of family agriculture, commercialization and rights/citizenship, based on the analysis of the guiding documents of an already existing public policy and that was directed to the expansion of commercialization spaces for family agriculture, the National School Feeding Program. The PNAE was amended by Law 11.947/2009, which determined that at least 30% of the resources passed through the National Fund for Education Development - FNDE should be used to purchase food directly from family agriculture and the rural family entrepreneur or their organizations. The objective of this study is to analyze the public documents related to the National School Feeding Program in relation to the commercialization of family farming products, evaluating whether their determinations are related to aspects of citizenship for the family farmers of Porto Seguro, Bahia. In view of the objectives of this work, four methodological procedures will be used: the bibliographical and documentary research, the analysis of secondary data and the case study. The first procedure provides, in addition to the bibliographical research from the theoretical materials already elaborated and analyzed, the visit to texts, official documents, legislations, public policies and reports related to the PNAE. Although, in the documentary research as in the case study, the analysis of the information obtained will happen concomitant to the accomplishment of the research stages, this study will adopt as an interpretative methodological tool the Discourse Analysis. The expected results for this research are: to identify what the public documents related to the PNAE say, seeking to assess whether the determinations of these, regarding the commercialization of products, are related to aspects of citizenship; understand if the documents produced were designed to ensure that marketing is a promoter of citizenship, social rights and quality of life; constitute a list of information about the public documents that have as their objective the commercialization by the PNAE with the familiar agriculture, trying to know how these documents are constituted and are articulated in the federal, state and municipal sphere; to draw a profile of the commercialization of family agriculture with the PNAE, its procedures, steps, difficulties and successes in Porto Seguro; to know the sociodemographic characteristics of the target group of the study, as well as to understand its relation with the commercialization through the PNAE.

This research investigates the social interactions of the non-deaf with the deaf in Porto Seguro city/BA, Brazil. Are they culturally deficient or different? The answer is linked to the point of view accepted on the deaf person and is revealed through the everyday events. The study starts from the two perspectives on deaf people, that stand out the most today: that of disability and that of difference. It considers contemporary debates around deafness and the deaf (1) showing out the pillars that support the points of view of disability and difference, (2) discussing the importance of sign language in linguistic, social and cultural interactions of the deaf and (3) highlighting the main barriers to social interactions between non-deaf and deaf people. Posteriorly, it describes the daily social interactions of deaf residents with the non-deaf in scenarios of constant interchange in the social world, such as in the family context, in the educational institution, in the workplace and in local, public or private establishments. Then, considering these occurrences, it analyzes: (1) the receptions experienced by the deaf, (2) the communication strategies take in by the deaf and non-deaf, (3) and the interviewees' perceptions about their experiences with non-deaf people in the locality. In conclusion, the present investigation found that the non-deaf act with ignorance or partial knowledge of the deaf cultural singularities. It is a qualitative, applied and exploratory examination, anchoring in the Deaf Studies area, bias of Cultural Studies.

This study aimed to understand the different forms of contempt present in the experiences of obstetric violence experienced by members of the Rede Cegonha Forum in the Porto Seguro region. To this end, the study describes the different types of obstetric violence identified by the participants; raises the factors that contribute to obstetric violence in the Porto Seguro region; as well as identifying the emotions underlying the experience of contempt and analyzing the motivations and meanings associated with participation in the forum, describing how it relates to the violent experience. The RC Forum is an important space for social participation, bringing together civil society and the State with the aim of debating and transforming perinatal care for mother and child, aiming at a humanized and safe delivery, as well as healthy baby birth. It is a qualitative case study, within which the following research instruments were used: participant observation, documentary analysis of the minutes and presentations of the forums, in the period of 12 meetings, from August 2018 to December 2019, as well as from a video made by women in the region and semi-structured interviews conducted through Google Meet, with women participating in the Forum. The study took as a theoretical reference the types of obstetric violence by Boswer and Hill and the theory of intersubjective recognition by Axel Honneth to analyze the experiences of contempt reported by the participants. The interviews were coded based on Gibbs' proposal for narrative analysis, while the minutes were analyzed using Bardin's thematic categorization as a reference. The results showed that pregnant women and postpartum women in the region suffered various types of obstetric violence and that structural, organizational factors and medical habitus contribute to the occurrence of obstetric violence, requiring investments to eradicate this serious problem. The different forms of obstetric violence are perceived as forms of disrespect; intentional attempts to injure personal integrity that produce moral damage. The experience of obstetric violence associates pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum with emotions such as sadness, fear, frustration, revolt, among others. This emotional experience can mobilize and motivate women to carry out collective actions, including participation in the RC Forum, aimed at transforming such practices of violence. Social participation contributes to the reframing of their experiences and emotions, expansion of their potency and empowerment to combat obstetric violence. Finally, the work indicates that the Forum has a role that positively interferes with the factors that contribute to the prevention of obstetric violence in the territory's care network.

The theme of this study is the formation of a quilombola people since the arrival of its founder Anjo Barros, along with his family, in the land of Pratigi (Camamu-BA), until today. How does the community live and transmit this collective memory? How does this memory involve politics? To this end, this dissertation sought to investigate three different collective formation processes that make up Pratigi and its history. First, the memory of the arrival on earth and the dynamics of territorial / family divisions over time, under the authority of Anjo Barros and after his death. Then, as the feast of the patron saint Santo Antônio serves as a promoter of political alliances between the residents of Pratigi and these with external actors. In other words, how does this party define the different sides, alliances, divisions, political positions, and how does it also strengthen some while weakening others politically? Finally, the demand for recognition of the quilombola territory, which has the Quilombola Association of Pratigi and Matapera as protagonist, is addressed.

This paper aims to analyze the implementation of accountability in electronic portals of the municipal portals of the municipal executive, identifying the contributions of accountability in the electronic environment to strengthen democracy and to promote an active citizenship. To this end, a survey was carried out in web portals of five municipalities from the interior of Bahia: Itabuna, Ilheus, Teixeira de Freitas, Porto Seguro and Eunapolis. These were selected considering their geographical location and demographic and economic aspects. Data collection occurred through an Observation Form, with the objective of verifying the quality of the data (relevance and clarity of the information) and e ase of access (layout with objective links). The Reports of Requests made available by the municipalities themselves were also used, in order to verify the rate of popular participation. Verifying the sufficiency of accountability for the exercise of an ac tive citizenship is relevant for the study of democracy in Brazil, since it enables a critical view of state instruments and their adequacy to the characteristics of Brazilian society.

The alarming situation in which the natural environment finds itself makes it necessary to implement environmental protection measures. The development model that was established, notably in the post-war period, uses resources without any allocation of their cost in the production process, disregarding the finitude of natural goods. In this context, a change of perspective is necessary for the survival of human life on the planet. The present work turns to the legaleconomic instruments frequently used as a way to protect the environment, from the internalization of the social costs resulting from the productive process. Environmental taxes as a behaviorinducing norm, presents themself as an effective instrument in environmental protection. It is necessary to rethink how these instruments are willing to serve sustainability in their multidimensional character, contemplating its legal-political, economic, ethics and social dimensions. We opted for qualitative research, based on the deductive method and an exploratory study, based on a bibliographic survey to reveal how the protection of the environment was structured under economic guidelines, discussing the legal consequences of this process, notably in the construction of the historical and theoretical bases that support the economic-tax instruments aimed at environmental protection. It presents an approach based on ethics and fairness, emphasizing the need for the environmental agenda to include social rights and a governance that contemplates these rights. The relationships and tensions between the concepts corroborate the construction of a new environmental rationality, serving as a criterion for the elaboration of legal-tax instruments capable of encouraging sustainable practices and discouraging behaviors that cause degradation to the environment. The economic instruments that still exist today, including environmental taxation, are just one of the means to achieve sustainability. There needs to be an evaluative change capable of bringing more significant and concrete changes, based on environmental public politicies, conditioned to ethical and social premises, that face the ecological crisis in a comprehensive and multidimensional way.

Special Education in the municipality of Eunápolis – Bahia was strengthened with the creation of the Specialized Educational Service Center in 2013 and in 2015 the monitor (support professional) is inserted in the educational context as a support in education and assistance to students with disabilities in their needs basics. With the presence of this new actor in the education network, the question is, what is the place and role of monitoring in the support network aimed at the inclusion of students with disabilities in regular schools in the municipality? What are the potentials and limits of monitoring? Thus, this research seeks to understand the role of monitoring in the construction of strategies that favor the inclusion of students with disabilities in the city of Eunápolis. It is a qualitative exploratory research, as it is an initial, baseline study, in which four professionals who work in monitoring participated. Data collection procedures: a semi-structured interview was used as a method and a questionnaire to identify the profile of the monitors and a flexible script for the interviews, which was appreciated by a judge and a group of masters and doctoral students and the instruments. data obtained were transcribed and subjected to content analysis. In view of the pandemic scenario, the interviews were carried out virtually, through the Google Meet platform and the questionnaires through Google Forms. The results showed that the presence of the monitor as a support in the school environment was positive, brought greater security to parents, strengthened inclusive education and supported the permanence of students with disabilities in the regular school; it also revealed that there was no qualification to exercise monitoring, only superficial meetings about their attributions; the number of classrooms with multifunctional resources is still very small, therefore, there is a lack of qualified professionals to assist students with disabilities; lack of training being the most frequent complaint of professional monitors. It is expected that the results of the research, the perceptions of monitoring professionals, bring contributions to inclusive education in the municipality; allows you to broaden the look on the subject; is relevant to the Municipal Education Secretariat – SEDUC, as evidenced educational needs data; to provide participant monitors with reflection on their practices and that their perceptions favor the strengthening of inclusive education and bring new guidelines and possibilities.

The historical-social trajectory of sign language and deaf education has always been marked by the dialectical form of the conception of man and citizenship throughout history. For a long time, deaf people are marginalized and without access to their constitutional rights, because, due to cultural and linguistic differences, they were not and still are not properly recognized by the phonocentric community. In Brazil, the big step in favor of sign language users was the official recognition of their language: Federal Law No. 10,436, of April 24, 2002, making Brazilian Sign Language – LIBRAS official. However, even though Libras has federal recognition as a legal means of communication and expression of its users and, with the legislative expansion through decrees and other laws that corroborate its obligation in public spaces, especially educational ones, still, this language is unknown and marginalized by oral Portuguese speakers. Given the legality of Libras from 2002, it is necessary to highlight the actions of public school policies and social participation practices in favor of deaf communities inserted in the city of Eunápolis - BA since then. Also, it is necessary to identify the public policy actions developed according to this law, by the municipal government of Eunápolis; find out who are the social action groups in favor of deaf communities in the municipality; and describe the actions and impacts of these inclusive efforts for deaf individuals residing in Eunápolis. Therefore, this research, of a basic nature, gathered diverse knowledge, with the purpose of filling possible gaps on the subject in question, exposing the phenomena and changes that occurred for deaf subjects throughout their social relationships in various time spaces. As this is an examination that exposes the varieties of interpersonal relationships and the problems that arise from them in human and social areas, the qualitative approach was chosen. As for the treatment and examination of the collected data, these processes were based on data review and analysis techniques and the theory of content analysis. It was used the methods of exploratory and descriptive procedures, with the techniques of bibliographical research, documents, field research, interviews, application of questionnaires and simple observations. With postulates from authors such as: Brito (2013); Goes; Laplane (2013); Karnopp; Quadros (2004); Mazzotta (2011); Quadros (1997; 2004); Pereira (2011); Sacks (1998); Silva (2009); Silva (2012); Skiliar (2013); Strobel (2018), among others.

This research investigates the phenomenon of child labor from a complex view of human rights, stressing the universalist and localist perspectives that mark the construction of notions of childhood and work, from the consideration of other views of the world, the values and subjectivities of the subjects directly involved in the phenomenon. The study is based on an epistemological view that understands the complex in the analysis of the social phenomenon, and aims to understand it in its ecological dimension, also contradictory and irregular, seeking a path that deepens the understanding of the current categories of the theme and its effects on erasure of alterity and childhood pluralities. By understanding the non-linear process of social construction of childhood, it approaches different processes of socialization and confrontation that involve the survival of other views of the world in the face of a hegemonic view on the subject. On the one hand, the global and local paths that make the subject of study are questioned, discussions about the coloniality of power permeate the criticism of the construction of a single legitimate point of view about childhood. Furthermore, it questions a universalist and abstract view of this notion and the invisibility of other views of the world about the relationship between childhood and work. On the other hand, the insufficiency of a localist perspective on the phenomenon is also discussed, as another unique truth. It opens up space for a discussion on the possibility of building new alternatives for action in the field, based on a complex vision of human rights, which aims at a base of shared generalities for the protection and promotion of the pluralities of childhood. The general objective of the work is to understand what contributions the groups involved with the phenomenon of child labor, especially in the city of Porto Seguro - BA, could offer to a process of reformulation in the theoretical and practical field for the potentialization, expansion and the strengthening of the network for the protection and promotion of children's pluralities. The general objective of the work is to understand what contributions the groups involved with the phenomenon of child labor, especially in the city of Porto Seguro - BA, could offer to a process of reformulation in the theoretical and practical field for the potentialization, expansion and the strengthening of the network for the protection and promotion of children's pluralities. As specific objectives, the study intends to: analyze how the notions of childhood/adolescence and work can be understood from the paradigm of complexity, presenting the epistemological and methodological paths of research; discuss the clash of prohibitionist and abolitionist visions of child labor, its effects on public policies operating in the field, and the search for a complex vision of human rights; to present two experiences in the territory of Porto Seguro – BA, the Filhos da Terra Project – An awakening for Citizen Education, with the objective of providing opportunities for listening to possible work experiences of adolescents between 12 (twelve) and 18 (eighteen) years old, residents of urban, rural and indigenous region of the city of Porto Seguro, in the extreme south of Bahia, in 2018; and, the Childhood and Work Project: New Alternatives for Action, carried out in 2019 with the child and adolescent protection network, carried out by the Mãe Terra Institute. The proposal is to relocate the study of the theme from a reflective and transdisciplinary understanding that unites the study of the theoretical field and field experiences. For this, the research methodology has a qualitative focus and uses action research. As main results, the work can present new reflections and possible discussions on the theme, considering the subjects involved and the construction of a complex view of the phenomenon, which unites protection and promotion of multiple childhoods. In the theoretical and empirical field, the study raises new reflections, based on the inclusion of other views of the world, specific to the subjects involved in the phenomenon, and points out ways to formulate new action alternatives that allow to increase the effectiveness of the protection of children and adolescents , in their different contexts, recognizing the different meanings that social groups can contribute to the promotion of childhood pluralities.

This present thesis has as its theme the construction of social memory in Arara, a rural black community with remnants of slave village located in Teixeira de Freitas (BA). Therefore, I focus the research on the mediation of old people's memories (BOSI, 2004) as a foundation for understanding the relationship between individual, environment and society, the meanings and practices constituted in situ and, specifically, the path of some of the social transformations related to the formation of the community in the context of the Far South of Bahia. Therefore, as a central objective, I analyze the meanings that the elders of Arara attribute to the community in order to understand their forms of sociability and representations about their own place. In this analysis, of collective memories and memories (HALBWACHS, 1990), I weave narrative versions, which I call Trails of Arara, and highlight the strength of remembrance in the reflection on the narrators' subjectivation processes. Therefore, I discuss about their identity representations, certain social relations, modes of production and survival. Concomitantly, I explain different views of the world and temporalities as a way to better situate the history of the community. As theoretical foundations, I use philosophical aspects of Memory and History in Walter Benjamin (2018; 2015; 2013; 2012a; 2012b), important interpreters of Benjamin's work and the narrative philosophy of Paul Ricoeur (2012; 2010; 2007) for understanding the production of memory/remembrance and analysis of narrative-cultural mediations. Thus, I seek to converge these perspectives with the reflections of postcolonial theory (BHABHA, 1998; HALL, 2013) and with important traditional and contemporary black thinkers (ANDRÉ, 2008; ANJOS, 2001; FANON, 2008; GOMES, 2015; MURANGA, 2019a; 2019b; NASCIMENTO, 2019; SANTOS, 2002), in order to interrogate the cracks and indeterminations of identity, sociocultural and political-economic. Methodologically, I seek to approach the narrative research perspective (CLANDININ; CONNELLY, 2015; FLANNERY, 2015) and, from semi-structured interviews and in-depth conversations, I constitute a corpus of oral narratives, in addition to visits to field records, analysis of documentary sources - notably diaries - and processing of audios and transcripts, according to Preti (2005) and the use of Nvivo software. The research memoirists are 09 elderly residents of the community, namely: mrs. Eloisa, mr. Zuza, mr. Zeco, mr. Wilson, mr. Eusébio, mrs. Signs, mrs. Maria Benedita, mrs. Graci and mrs. Pedrina. Resulting from the investigation, the woven trails constituted a founding narrative and revealed a wide universe of references that configure beliefs, sociocultural identifications, belonging to the place, articulation tactics and individual and collective resistance. I relate these references to the exploratory modes of production of local rural elites, the long process of social exclusion, the absence of public policies – only lately and timidly implemented –, the transformation of the landscape and the ambiguous relationship with eucalyptus farming. I point to the complementarity between sociological and postcolonial theories, as well as the need for the latter to concatenate its own conceptualization against the epistemological criticism it undertakes. I show that, in the articulation between daily life and history, being a peasant is a shared representation sometimes overlaid by being a slave village and being mestizo as performances of a hybrid temporality, based on the image of work in the field, on the logic of private land use and not exactly in the racial issue – this one appropriated by each subject in a different way. I highlight the process of slave village origins that started with the rescue of slave village origins by the elders of Arara in the midst of fissures and displacements of identity. Finally, I draw attention to the subjects' awareness of positioning themselves in the political and economic context in border areas, in the relationship with the municipalities neighboring the community, becoming fundamental sources for local history.

The Brazilian Federal Constitution of 1988 enshrines both indigenous collective rights and the diffused right to an ecologically balanced environment as fundamental rights and stone clauses within the Brazilian legal-constitutional order. Indigenous and environmental rights, however, clash in apparent antinomies within the scope of Law no. 9.985/2000 which, by instituting the National System of Conservation Units (SNuc), prohibited human presence and the direct use of natural resources in Full Protection Conservation Units, without respecting the rights of forest peoples, then restricted to the Sustainable Use Units. In the extreme south of Bahia, such antinomic tension can also be seen in the overlapping areas of the Parques Nacionais do Monte Pascoal e do Descobrimento about, respectively, the Pataxó’s terras Indígenas de Barra Velha do Monte Pascoal and Comexatibá. This thesis performs the legal systematization of all Brazilian territorial categories of indigenism and conservationism within the scope of the SNuc, mapping their characteristics, legal regimes and updated occupation data. Environmental, indigenous and land autarchies litigate in legal disputes, which were suspended, between 2004 and 2015, during the frustrated conciliatory/arbitral attempt to solve the impasse, followed, in 2016, by a new possessory action by ICMBio that postulates the extrusion of the Pataxó from the interior of the Parque Nacional do Descobrimento. In 2018, an out-of-court agreement is signed to establish rules for coexistence between ICMBio, Funai and the six Pataxó villages superimposed on the areas of dual affectation between the environmental and indigenous spaces. This work ethnographically recomposes the disputes over narratives and the interests they represent that, throughout these processes, led social and institutional actors to the shared management of the National Park of Descobrimento. It also analyzes the setbacks in the indigenist and environmentalist conjunctures, arising from the institutional ruptures engendered by the 2016 coup d'État in Brazil, which enabled the rise to power of the far right and the consequent ideological rigging of the Federal Administration and dismantling of socioenvironmental programs. It promotes the re-reading of Indigenous Law and Environmental Conservation Law in Brazil from the normativity paradigms of pluriculturalism and ultrasocioenvironmentalism. It identifies, based on the theories of decoloniality, complexity, ecofeminism, Southern epistemologies and indigenous economies, the Íngora Thought’s Kaleidoscope, characterized by autochthonous tactics of creative subversion of national strategies, which give new meanings to the spaces of territorialization in which they are confined, in a symbiotic relationship, the Pataxó ethnicity and the remaining Atlantic Forest fragments in the extreme south of Bahia. It scientifically describes the duty of integral socioenvironmental restitution, the guarantee of maximum environmental protection and the principle of florestania, as foundations for the socio-environmental law to acquire scientific autonomy.. It highlights the falsifiability of the legal conflict, manipulated by narratives that deepen a project of environmental injustice conducted by the economic agents of the dominant society and backed by the State, while defending the re-coupling of the political and legal systems of indigenism and conservationism for the synergistic promotion of diatopic legal technologies that, by reinventing the polyphonic complex of relations between indigenous, non-indigenous societies and the State, establish alternative legal ecologies of social transformation.

This ethnographic research identifies, describes and analyzes the social and artifactual practices that conform the Pataxó handicraft economy, seeking to understand the senses of viver sossegado, the Pataxó indigenous’ living well. Starting from the hypothesis that the craft economy is a powerful strategy for valuing and maintaining the Pataxó ways of living, since in very specific tourism contexts, I intend to develop a comparative study in four important cultural places that explores (ethnic)tourism in the Indigenous Land Coroa Vermelha. They are: Aldeia Nova Coroa, Parque Indígena, Txag’ru Mirawê and Reserva da Jaqueira. More than just a tourist product, handicraft is an art form of resistance, since these aura objects are activated by the Pataxó to tell counter-hegemonic stories and build new memories about themselves and the territory they inhabit. Coroa Vermelha is an important historical landmark of the so-called Costa do Descobrimento, a region that since the 1970s has suffered the consequences of predatory tourism - especially real estate speculation, which threatens the traditional territories of the Pataxó, leaving them in a position of social and economic vulnerability. In IL Coroa Vermelha, there are two antagonistic tourism models: predatory mass tourism and cultural tourism, precisely ethnic tourism, guided by a discourse of autonomy articulated by the Indians. In view of this panorama, the main issue that guides this dissertation is how the craft economy has been related to such contradictory modalities of tourism that are, in the last analysis, opposite poles of antagonistic political projects. At the same time, I will try to analyze in what ways such tourism modalities relate to national regimes of alterity or memory. While mass tourism is considered an ethnocidal social phenomenon, ethnic tourism is seen by the Pataxó as a way to achieve the Coroa Vermelha ethnodevelopment. In this sense, ethnic tourism is one of the main strategies of struggle in the quest for viver sossegado, offering fertile ground for the Pataxó culture to be strengthened and the handicraft to be revalued and re-signified as one of the repositories of a new Pataxó tradition and memory. For the Pataxó people, viver sossegado is to live with autonomy; that is to say, it is reflected in the struggle for rights, above all, in the demarcation of traditional territories, which is a precondition for ensuring the continuity of indigenous peoples' ways of living. In these contexts of resistance, reoccupation and cultural elaboration, the craft economy assumes its central role, inasmuch as it is an autonomous activity and an important diacritic of ethnicity.

This socio-legal research describes and analyzes the migratory refugee policy in the recent years in Brazil. The relevance and timing of this research is due to the occurrence in recent years of the largest refugee influx in the history of mankind and in Brazil, involving a complex situation that reveals a tension between the massive entry of asylum seekers and the vulnerability of this diaspora, generating humanitarian crises, violation of human rights and socio-economic confrontations. This conflict has a direct impact on the public policies of states that have been taking retaliatory measures such as the criminalization and stigmatization of refugees. In this context, the objective of the study is to verify the compliance of the principle of nonrefoulement
and the international normative framework on refugees by the Brazilian legal system and its actors, as well as to identify the failures in the implementation of public policies for the social inclusion of refugees. Finally, for be able to propose the inclusion of sociological variables for have a holistic approach on the matter. Therefore, this work has a qualitative matter and exploratory-descriptive scope and with a bibliographic and documentary design. The research use the following methodology tools: a) bibliographical compilation of the international corpus iuris, national framework of Brazil, articles and books of relevance on the human rights of refugees; b) construction of ideas starting from Pierre Bourdieu's Theory of Practice and its concepts of habitus and capital for the refuge scenario in Brazil; c) bibliographic compilation of the public policies implemented by the National Committee for Refugees from Brazil during the years 2018 and 2019 for the local inclusion of refugees, articles and books relevant to public policies and durable solutions for refugees and by obtaining information on the current asylum context through experts interviews with high authorities from the Organization of American States (OAS). This study concludes that the panorama of refuge in Brazil needs to be a priority on the political agenda, and the Brazilian federal government needs to act with congruence in partnership with civil society and the academic world, using all the tools so that the decisions consider the well-being being of refugees and the host society, since it was identified that Brazil has a progressist law, but with an implementation apparatus that does not correspond to the necessary efficiency.

Along the BR-101 road in Teixeira de Freitas, Bahia, it has become a housing and social reproduction option for countless people and families who build their homes with different materials, using clay, pieces of wood, cardboard, scraps of materials, chipboard construction and use the land mainly for planting subsistence crops. In this research, we call these people “beiradeiros”, individuals who occupy communal lands, making them a communal population and constituting themselves as a new type of squatter. The research aims to analyze the socioeconomic profile of this population, understand where they came from, how they survive, what are the reasons that led them to occupy the lands beside the highway and what is the degree of social vulnerability in which they live. The methodology used in the research combines quantitative and qualitative methods, with the application of socioeconomic questionnaires for 68 families installed along 25.7 km of the aforementioned highway and the records in the field notebook produced during visits to the researched location. The results of the research indicate that the beiradeiros are people from the region who found the opportunity to gain access to land in the right-of-way strips on the BR-101 highway and are a type of squatters who occupy a common land, live in an extreme situation social vulnerability, and, consequently, build a sui generis way of life.

The purpose of this paper is to describe the categories of justification for the expansion of the Tonziro residential gated community development in the Orla Norte of Porto Seguro. For that, the concepts of place, territory, (self) segregation, security, tourism, space valorization and status were worked out. In this way, we analyze the transformations in the natural landscape of the Orla Norte motivated by the tourist activity in light of the categories of analysis. With the development of tourism in Porto Seguro, the Tonziro gated community started to establish several units in this place, with standardization of their residences, focusing on the floating population and competing with the hotel chain. The target audience of this company are families who wish to spend a holiday season being more expressive those from the state of Minas Gerais, with strong religious appeal for evangelical congregations. In this way, it was possible to note that the Tonziro gated community are not focused on permanent residences where the security apparatus is the classic motivation for choosing to reside in these places, which leads to the following concern: "In what way does the expansion of units the Tonziro gated community dialogue with the relationship between the place and the domestification of the territory in the Orla Norte of Porto Seguro? " During graduation in Geography I researched self-segregation in Viçosa-MG, through residential false-gated community. However, in Porto Seguro, I realize that there are differences both in the meaning of condominiums and in the scale of use of this type of enterprise in the form of occupation strategy. Thus, the method used is the Case Study. The methodology used considers the analysis of key concepts, interviews, document analyzes and satellite images. The theoretical reference considers national and international authors, from classics to contemporaries who can contribute to the elucidation of the problematic.

The present work seeks to discuss and analyze the modes of organization of the Movement for Struggle for Ceiling - MLT, through a case study in the Rosa Luxemburg occupation, verifying how this movement took place in the city of Teixeira de Freitas - Bahia as a contemporary urban social movement and their forms of organizations. We verified the existence of a peculiar and differentiated way of creating strategies of struggle, communication with government agencies, as it is an urban and contemporary social movement from the interior. The 1988 constitution brought great advances to Brazil's housing policy, as it brought three pillars to discuss housing problems such as the right to the city, social function and democratic management of the city. These became the banner of the struggles of several social movements, including the Homeless Workers Movement - MTST, the Bahia Homeless Workers Movement - MSTB and the Ceiling Fight Movement - MLT by Teixeira de Freitas, which has ways of organizing and strategies fluid, with no theoretical framework, norms and rules, giving priority to decisions and debates of ideas during general assemblies, and has neither headquarters nor statute, starting the occupation and later leaving the front line giving space for the association of residents, and thus moving within the city to another space that does not have its social purposes. Whenever an occupation is created, all its ideas and strategies are recreated from scratch with the new occupants and with a new coordination. Conceptually, we approach social movements from the studies of Maria da Gloria Gohn (1997 and 2014) and Ruth Cardoso (1987 and 2008), who contributed to a better understanding of the specificities of contemporary urban social movements. We also worked on the concept of citizenship according to Evelina Dagnino (2004) as well as that of urban housing problems by professor Erminia Maricato (2015). Finally, we try to define what we mean by social organizations, starting from some classics like Max Weber and Joseph Proudhon until reaching contemporary authors as mentioned above. The techniques used involved the collection of data through semi-structured interviews with coordinators and occupants, also making a survey and report of the concepts that were investigated during the interviews during the occupation.

This dissertation is an ethnographic study of political practices related to “samba de roda”, focusing the “Samba de Roda das Marisqueiras” produced by the “Associação das Marisqueiras e Pescadoras de Belmonte” (AMPB) during the years 2018 and 2019. The goal of this research is to understand how the production of “brincadeira” by the “Samba de Roda das Marisqueiras” is related to the notion of “luta” as a political practice committed to enabling the continuation of “viver da pesca” of the traditional fisherfolk community of the Biela neighborhood in Belmonte, a coastal city in the south of Bahia. This research is also interested in “ajudar” and “dar atenção” to this “brincadeira” with a special focus on playing a role in the “enfrentamento” of “lutas” by the AMPB, in accordance with demands by the association’s board.

With this purpose, it is necessary to identify the sociocultural, political and environmental context in which the “Samba de Roda das Marisqueiras” is produced and to understand the processes of “decisão” involved in the production of this “samba de roda” and its interaction with the “lutas” of this association formed by “marisqueira” women. In light of this, the concepts of “união”, “ajuda”, “cuidado”, “ouvir”, “chamamento” e “balanço” are understood to be important ways of establishing relations and acting politically, promoting the “fortalecimento” of participants of “samba de roda”, the AMPB itself and the “comunidade pesqueira” for the “enfrentamento” of “lutas”. The “comunidade” also presented gender and generational conflicts that run through the production of “samba” and the “organizações” of “lutas”, approached through the native categories of “mentira”, “sem o que fazer”, “alarde”, “ciúmes”, “picuinha” and “aparecer por cima”.

Together with members of the AMPB, a project was developed and presented in reaction to the 2020 Rouanet Law public notice. It was aligned with the ways and premises that the group conceived as valid forms of “fortalecer” and “cuidar” of this “samba”. A book with “tradicional” recipes of the “comunidade”’s cuisine was also developed and distributed among the participants of a cooking workshop organized by members of the AMPB during Festivale, which took place in July 2019 in Belmonte. In the midst of the research process, I also “ajudei” in “articulações” during the “combate” against the oil spill that reached the city in October 2019 as well as in the production of several “sambas”.

EBooks are found in a variety of file formats, ePub3 (W3C, 2019) is one of them. Since 2016, the Brazilian Office of Education (MEC), through the National Textbook Program (PNLD), has adopted ePub3 as the accessible book format for visually impaired students. The dissertation research object is the Accessible Digital Textbook, in ePub3 format, its origins and its pedagogical possibilities. The objective of this research is to analyze: 1) the trajectories that lead to the accessible ePub3 regarding the timelines of the Book and its derivatives: the Textbook, the Digital Book, and the Accessible Book; 2) MEC’s policies related to the Accessible Digital Textbook; and 3) the pedagogical possibilities in the universalization of the current accessible LDD (2019), using the Universal Design for Learning (UDL) guidelines, to contemplate all students, beyond the visually impaired. As a methodology, it will be conducted a literature review considering the Brazilian Accessible Digital Textbook as the result of intertwining paths of the textbook, accessible book and digital book. Academic papers concerning MEC's policies for the accessible textbook are also in the scope of this research. In addition, the official MEC documents, streamlining the guidelines for the digital textbook, will be analyzed, as well as the National Textbooks Program (PNLD) bidding public notices that regulate those policies.

1.      This dissertation follows the principle that the suburban reality has a political, economic and social meaning, product of detachment, exclusion and segregation. The suburb is the place where the social issue is raised. It expresses explicitly the inequality and the precariousness process resulting from political choices that feed an unfair scheme of power distribution. Education is, in this work, considered as a specific field of public sector action joined to this group. In this context, the covenant between the Secretary of Education of the State of Bahia and the Federal University of South Bahia is the object of our analysis, through a field research executed with High School students in one of their managed schools, the Integrated Complex of Education in Itabuna (CIEI). The CIEI’s pedagogical proposal of citizen generation, based on Democracy and defense of Human Rights, the inseparability of education and social practices, problematization and confronting the challenges of the contemporary world, collective production of knowledge, strengthening popular participation, and valuing multicultural perceptions of life, all parts of patterns of social recognition theorized by Axel Honneth. The attempt of analyzing these spheres reflects in the effort of understanding constitutive tensions in the relationship between the naturalization of inequality in the Brazilian State, the daily life of suburbs and the experience of CIEI students, that interact in this space with a multitude of subjects and public practice focused on their socialization and development of diverse abilities. The option is for a qualitative research, based on the inductive method and on a study of exploratory matter, collecting empirical data through the application of questionnaires, focus groups and group field activities. It is observed that: 1. the absence of adequate public services in a considerable difference mark, forming the perception of suburbs and is pointed by students as the main element favoring the association of these neighborhood with poverty and high crime rates, which points to leading stereotypes falling under these subjects; 2. the limitations imposed to suburbs is a threaten to individual freedom of subjects, an experience of denial of legal recognition and, as a consequence, the self-perception of equality; 3. the individuality of a subject is stained in the sense that he/she is unable of symmetrically work his/her self-esteem, this is, of self-considering as useful in the light of values that recognize their abilities as relevant to common praxis; 4. that, to promote the recognition and to disrupt social determinism, the suburban experience of students must be problematized in the scope of school, counting that “world reading” and critical reflection may undo stigmas and marginalization.

This dissertation intends to discuss the issues that involve domestic violence and the reasons for the affective loneliness in black women victims of domestic violence in the city of Itabuna - Bahia, parallel to this, we seek to analyze how the network of violence against women in the municipality works and how it acts in the prevention, combat and coping with domestic violence. In order to discuss domestic violence and loneliness, we interviewed four women without fixed affective partners and visits and interviews were conducted as the managers of the network to cope with violence. Thus, we opted for a qualitative research, conducted with semi-structured interviews, analyzed from a socioeconomic profile, taking into account the intersectionality of social markers such as gender, race, class and generation, addressing the life histories of these women and their experiences of violence domestic reasons, in addition to considering the reasons that lead her to be alone. We also used other sources, such as violence data from the Specialized Attendance Department (DEAM), which allowed us to discuss feminicide and the meaning of the murders of women at the confluence with domestic violence; bibliographic references and map data, atlases and specific studies related to the themes discussed in the research. We bring the discussion about the importance of public policies to the black population and how these policies can contribute to racial and class equity, as well as discuss the importance of the black feminist movement and its patterns. Finally, we show that the traumas caused by the violence suffered today determine the affective situation of these women and that the network to combat violence against women needs improvements, qualification and robustness to meet the demand of the city.

The gigantic latent discrepancy in the twentieth century between civil justice and
social justice led the legal academy to flexibilize its normativist guidelines by
understanding the need to carry out empirical investigations that identified the
many barriers to access to justice faced by different categories of social actors.
In the case of rural or peasant communities, due to their geographic, ethnic and
social specificities, such investigations were even more necessary, so that the
close contact that allowed an ethnographic approach to this category was
fundamental in identifying these obstacles with a view to proposing practical
suggestions for resolving the issue of access to justice, in order to make the entry
and progress of a judicial process more democratic and fair. Therefore, what I
propose in the present work is an anthropological investigation aimed at
identifying how a rural community in the south of Bahia is related to the right of
access to justice.

The care given to subjects with mental disorder in Brazil was historically provided by a hospital-based model

of hospitalization and medicalization, which has been questioned since the second half of the twentieth century

because it violates the dignity of the subjects, limits the exercise of citizenship and of rights and contribute to the

maintenance of negative stereotypes and valuations of madness. The present work intends to analyze

the citizenship experience of CAPS II users from Porto Seguro - Bahia, n their daily narratives, as participants

in a public policy that stimulates the development and exercise of the same through the restitution of rights,

questioning the socially constructed negativity of the concept of mental illness and the image of an individual

devoid of the most essential human characteristics valued by modernity: his reason and his will. For this, the

work intends to describe the daily practices of the participants in the different social spaces; identify the forms

of subjective disregard and recognition they have experienced, and analyze the meanings of the CAPS function.

In order to think this question, modernity is approached as a period in which madness came to be understood

al illness. Such a subjective condition threatened the modern building erected on the bases of reason.

The madman came to be seen as an inadequate social being, unproductive and unable to respond to

the demands of the ideals of the time, being excluded from the possibility of exercising citizenship.

Starting from this historical-cultural panorama, a dialogue is carried out between the concepts of

citizenship and subjectivity.From an epistemological point of view, this is an interpretative study of

multiple cases. The method used for the production of the narratives was the photo-provocation,

a modality that combines photographs and interviews. Following this model, the participants were asked

to photograph their daily life, and interviews were then made from the images selected by the subjects.

The narratives produced by the participants were analyzed based on guiding categories produced based

on the objectives. The analysis process was carried out with the help of the software Atlas.ti 8.

This research resulted in the analysis of the experiences of recognition and deprecation that the interviewees

go through, these experiences being contradictory and allowing the development of subjective aspects and

characteristics of their personality linked to self-confidence, self-respect and self-esteem, and as the denial

of this recognition generated marks in these individuals, but at the same time opened space for struggles

for this intersubjective recognition, it also allowed for a reflection on the role of CAPS in the implementation

of the principles which guide the public policies of mental health guided by the restitution of rights and the

recognition of the citizenship of the users.

To think of the city from the social relations established in its territories presupposes that it be carried by different marks and desires that are present in the memory of the local communities, whether these are affective or not. Thus, streets, squares and neighborhoods as elements of the humanized landscape are considered living territories, constituted by distinct interests and uses that symbolize spaces of struggle, work and resistance. In this context, the research was based on the possibility of identifying the forms of territorialities constructed by the residents of the Baianão and Campinho neighborhood, in the city of Porto Seguro-Ba, as well as understanding the identity, cultural and environmental implications that are submitted to the subalternized populations of these neighborhoods, in order to enable them to identify through the socio-spatial perception, the importance of the right of access and use of their shelter territories. In order to do so, a qualitative approach was used as method of research, using social cartography as an instrument of representation of the lived and also as a tool capable of providing the community involved a closer look at their own realities, in the eagerness to establish a critical reflection on the sociocultural and environmental problems that permeate these places. Also used in the study were the oral stories of
everyday life of the local residents, mostly made up of natives and also reterritorialized migrants from the southern region of Bahia, who, faced with the precariousness imposed by the cocoa crisis, were forced to leave their places and build in this region new territorialities. As a theoretical contribution, the research dialogues with authors related to Humanist Geography and involved the construction of the concepts of place and territory from a symbolic and cultural perspective and their interrelations in the lived spaces, besides the presence of authors who understand the territory while socially produced space, based on a reflection both material and symbolic, attributing to the concept greater meaning and materiality. Even in the face of a contradictory scenario, marked by unequal power relations, it was verified through the oral records or even in the mental maps produced that these subjects established a relation of identity and belonging with their territories of life and the forms of territorialities constructed by these inhabitants were represented through several significant elements of the landscape, loaded with symbolism and subjectivity.

The present study analyzes the role of prisoners’ families in the penitentiary of Teixeira, BA. Prison studies point to the fact that presently the prison management process requires tacit agreements between the state, prisoners and families. The family plays a relevant role in the daily life of the prisoner with responsibility for the economic, affective and material sustenance of the detainee. In this sense, the main objective of the investigation is to verify the importance of the family through its absence, that is to say, it focuses the difficulties faced in the "pull chain" of those prisoners who do not receive family support, in highlight the rat leather. The research of qualitative nature was based on the technique of interviews, regular visits to the prison and notes in the field notebook. In all, XX prisoners were interviewed. In addition, a bibliographic survey was carried out on studies already carried out on the psychosocial effects of prison in the incarcerated person and in the relatives. The psychosocial effects of incarceration for those who do not receive family support tend to be even more intense as research findings point to the exploitation of their work by prisoners who are financially able to pay for services within prisons and co-opt to carry out criminal activities. The exploitation resulting from the low values paid for the activities and the privileges of those who are close to power is not questioned by those who are in financial vulnerability. Field research has demonstrated the internalization by prisoners of the need for command in the courtyard to organize daily routine in the courtyard and keep the peace in jail despite some criticism for possible excesses practiced by those who are in the role of power.